The gut microbiome of healthy Japanese and its microbial and functional uniqueness.
The gut microbiome of healthy Japanese and its microbial and functional uniqueness.
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DOI：
10.1093/dnares/dsw002
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发表时间：
2016-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hattori M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nishijima S;Suda W;Oshima K;Kim SW;Hirose Y;Morita H;Hattori M
人类肠道微生物组主要通过干扰各种肠道功能对宿主的健康产生深远的影响。由于最近的研究表明人类肠道微生物组在人群中具有多样性，因此分析肠道微生物组如何与地理、文化和传统差异相关将是很有趣的。众所周知，日本人有几个特征，例如吃各种传统食物，体重指数低，寿命长。在这项研究中，我们通过比较106名日本人与其他11个国家的人的宏基因组数据，分析了日本人的肠道微生物组。我们发现，日本肠道微生物组的组成在放线菌门，特别是双歧杆菌属中比其他国家更丰富。关于微生物的功能，碳水化合物代谢的功能被过度代表，同时减少复制和修复，以及细胞运动。与其他人相比，日本肠道微生物组中产甲烷基因的显著低流行率以及古菌史氏甲烷短杆菌的显著消耗和产乙酸基因的富集表明它们之间肠道中氢代谢途径的差异。因此，日本人的肠道微生物组似乎与其他人群有很大的不同，这不能简单地用饮食来解释。我们假设可能存在迄今未知的因素，有助于人类肠道微生物组的群体水平的多样性。
The human gut microbiome has profound influences on the host's health largely through its interference with various intestinal functions. As recent studies have suggested diversity in the human gut microbiome among human populations, it will be interesting to analyse how gut microbiome is correlated with geographical, cultural, and traditional differences. The Japanese people are known to have several characteristic features such as eating a variety of traditional foods and exhibiting a low BMI and long life span. In this study, we analysed gut microbiomes of the Japanese by comparing the metagenomic data obtained from 106 Japanese individuals with those from 11 other nations. We found that the composition of the Japanese gut microbiome showed more abundant in the phylum Actinobacteria, in particular in the genus Bifidobacterium, than other nations. Regarding the microbial functions, those of carbohydrate metabolism were overrepresented with a concurrent decrease in those for replication and repair, and cell motility. The remarkable low prevalence of genes for methanogenesis with a significant depletion of the archaeon Methanobrevibacter smithii and enrichment of acetogenesis genes in the Japanese gut microbiome compared with others suggested a difference in the hydrogen metabolism pathway in the gut between them. It thus seems that the gut microbiome of the Japanese is considerably different from those of other populations, which cannot be simply explained by diet alone. We postulate possible existence of hitherto unknown factors contributing to the population-level diversity in human gut microbiomes.