Diverse aging rates in metazoans: targets for functional genomics
Diverse aging rates in metazoans: targets for functional genomics
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mad.2004.09.022
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Austad, SN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Austad, SN
老化或衰老。通常通过人口分析来衡量，人口分析有其优点，但对功能发展和退化的关键方面视而不见。然而，如果使用人口分析，最能提供洞察力的方法是分析按年龄分列的死亡率。DNA测序能力的持续增长与新兴的计算技术相结合，将允许在不久的将来，在典型的实验室动物标本之外，对不同物种的衰老机制进行详细调查。除了简单的寿命外，这个儿子的比较方法还需要考虑生殖和身体大小对物种的影响。从研究相对于更“典型”的物种表现出加速老化的物种中可以获得洞察力。这些自然短命的物种。如几只小鼩 鼱和有袋类动物，避免了常见模型的“加速老化”基因型所固有的担忧，即它们只是因为一些与一般老化无关的特殊病理而短暂存在。一个值得特别关注的案例是家犬，它的选择性育种在同一物种中产生了表型，但年龄增长率却相差两倍。特别长寿的物种提供了特殊的机会，以发现是否有几种或多种方法来创造长寿的生物体。最能提供的慢老化物种包括蝙蝠和裸鼹鼠。也许生物学中没有什么基本问题比自然界为什么以及如何产生如此令人眼花缭乱的衰老率更有趣了。功能遗传学在未来几十年的发展有望引导我们找到答案。(C)2004爱思唯尔爱尔兰有限公司保留所有权利。
Aging, or senescence. has typically been measured by demographic analysis, which has its merits but is blind to key aspects of functional development and deterioration. If one uses demographic analyses, however, the approach providing most insight is the analysis of age-specific mortality. The continuing increase in DNA sequencing power combined with emerging computational techniques will allow in the near future detailed investigation of mechanisms of aging in diverse species beyond the typical laboratory bestiary. A comparative approach of this son needs to consider, in addition to simple longevity, the effects of phylogeny and body size on the species in question. Insight may be gained from the study of species exhibiting accelerated aging relative to more "typical" species. These naturally short-lived species. such as several small shrews and marsupials, avoid the worry inherent in "accelerated aging" genotypes of common models, which is that they are only short-lived because of some idiosyncratic pathology unrelated to general aging. A case of special interest that has yet to be seriously investigated is the domestic dog in which selective breeding has produced phenotypes within the same species that age at two-fold different rates. Exceptionally long-lived species offer exceptional opportunities to discover whether there are few or many ways to create long-lived organisms. Slow-aging species with the most to offer include bats and naked mole-rats. Perhaps no fundamental question in biology is more intriguing that why and how nature has produced such a dazzling array of aging rates. The development of functional genetics over the next several decades promises to lead us toward an answer. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.