Astaxanthin, a Carotenoid, Stimulates Immune Responses by Enhancing IFN-γ and IL-2 Secretion in Primary Cultured Lymphocytes in Vitro and ex Vivo.
Astaxanthin, a Carotenoid, Stimulates Immune Responses by Enhancing IFN-γ and IL-2 Secretion in Primary Cultured Lymphocytes in Vitro and ex Vivo.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms17010044
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发表时间：
2015-12-29
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Sheu JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin KH;Lin KC;Lu WJ;Thomas PA;Jayakumar T;Sheu JR
虾青素是一种有效的抗氧化剂类胡萝卜素，在调节免疫反应中起着重要作用。在这项研究中，我们研究了在原代培养的淋巴细胞在体外和离体细胞因子的产生，虾青素的免疫调节作用。直接给予虾青素（70-300 nM）在脂多糖（LPS，100 µg/ mL）或伴刀豆球蛋白A（Con A，10 µg/ mL）激活的淋巴细胞中不会产生细胞毒性，而在体外，单独给予300 nM的虾青素可诱导脾淋巴细胞增殖（p < 0.05）。虽然虾青素单独或与ConA一起对原代培养淋巴细胞产生干扰素（INF-γ）和白细胞介素（IL-2）没有明显影响，但它能增强LPS诱导的INF-γ产生。在离体实验中，经口给予虾青素（0.28、1.4和7 mg/kg/天）14天未引起小鼠体重或脾重量的改变，并且对源自小鼠的淋巴细胞也无毒性。此外，虾青素治疗显着增加LPS诱导的淋巴细胞增殖离体，但没有Con A刺激的淋巴细胞增殖离体。酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）分析显示，给予虾青素显著增强了对LPS和Con A刺激的响应的INF-γ产生，而IL-2产生仅响应于Con A刺激而增加。此外，单独的虾青素处理显著增加了小鼠淋巴细胞中IL-2的产生，但没有显著改变INF-γ的产生。这些结果表明，虾青素调节淋巴细胞的免疫反应在体外，它部分发挥其离体免疫调节作用，通过增加INF-γ和IL-2的生产，而不诱导细胞毒性。
Astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant carotenoid, plays a major role in modulating the immune response. In this study, we examined the immunomodulatory effects of astaxanthin on cytokine production in primary cultured lymphocytes both in vitro and ex vivo. Direct administration of astaxanthin (70–300 nM) did not produce cytotoxicity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 µg/ mL)- or concanavalin A (Con A, 10 µg/ mL)-activated lymphocytes, whereas astaxanthin alone at 300 nM induced proliferation of splenic lymphocytes (p < 0.05) in vitro. Although astaxanthin, alone or with Con A, had no apparent effect on interferon (INF-γ) and interleukin (IL-2) production in primary cultured lymphocytes, it enhanced LPS-induced INF-γ production. In an ex vivo experiment, oral administration of astaxanthin (0.28, 1.4 and 7 mg/kg/day) for 14 days did not cause alterations in the body or spleen weights of mice and also was not toxic to lymphocyte cells derived from the mice. Moreover, treatment with astaxanthin significantly increased LPS-induced lymphocyte proliferation ex vivo but not Con A-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation ex vivo. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis revealed that administration of astaxanthin significantly enhanced INF-γ production in response to both LPS and Con A stimulation, whereas IL-2 production increased only in response to Con A stimulation. Also, astaxanthin treatment alone significantly increased IL-2 production in lymphocytes derived from mice, but did not significantly change production of INF-γ. These findings suggest that astaxanthin modulates lymphocytic immune responses in vitro, and that it partly exerts its ex vivo immunomodulatory effects by increasing INF-γ and IL-2 production without inducing cytotoxicity.