Vegetation diversity and vertical structure as indicators of forest disturbance
Vegetation diversity and vertical structure as indicators of forest disturbance
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DOI：
10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.059
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发表时间：
2004-07
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
M. Onaindia;Izaskun Dominguez;I. Albizu;C. Garbisu;I. Amezaga
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Onaindia;Izaskun Dominguez;I. Albizu;C. Garbisu;I. Amezaga
在西班牙北方巴斯克地区，研究了不同干扰条件下的橡树-大西洋混合林地的植物种类组成和垂直结构。四个不同的干扰组被认为是根据自上次间伐以来的时间和存在/不存在的食草动物。植物物种覆盖不同的干扰组之间的17个，总共47种存在于研究区域。一般而言，皆伐干扰有利于白桦、板栗和栎的覆盖。受干扰影响最大的灌木种类是石楠。其中，最剧烈的影响被发现的Calluna vulgaris，Daboelicantabrica和埃里卡流浪者消失在那些林地进行放牧。几个线虫物种，如欧洲越橘，Blechnum spicant和Lamiastrum galeobdolon，缺席在这些相同的放牧森林。相比之下，多功能物种，如假叶树、老鹳草和婆婆纳，大多存在于放牧的林地中。多样性是衡量物种丰富度以及与香农和辛普森的指数。植物物种丰富度不随干扰处理的变化而变化，但乔木和灌木在更新后期的林地中最高，草本在最低和最高干扰组中最高。扰动处理仅对第三垂直层（2.5- 10 m）有影响。辛普森指数是解释不同干扰水平下林地结构差异的最佳指标。物种多样性最高的林地干扰最低或在一个先进的更新状态。干扰程度最低的林地乔木层物种多样性最高，更新程度较高的林地灌木层物种多样性最高。在垂直结构上，物种多样性主要受中间层（2.5- 10 m）的影响，最高值出现在干扰最低的林地中，即至少100年没有干扰。本文还计算了均匀度指数Pielou和Simpson。这里提出的结果表明，植物物种组成，个别植物物种的覆盖率，和辛普森的多样性指数（考虑不同的生长形式和垂直层）是合适的和互补的指标，以评估干扰在研究林地。
Plant species composition and vertical structure of oak-mixed Atlantic woodlands differing on disturbance regime were studied in the Basque Country, northern Spain. Four different disturbance groups were considered depending on the time since last thinning and the presence/absence of grazers. Plant species cover varied among disturbance groups for 17 out of the total 47 species present in the study area. In general, disturbance by clear-cutting favoured the cover of Betula alba, Castanea sativa and Quercus robur. The shrub species most affected by disturbance were heathers. Among these, the most drastic effect was found for Calluna vulgaris, Daboecia cantabrica and Erica vagans which disappeared in those woodlands subjected to grazing. Several nemoral species, such as Vaccinium myrtillus, Blechnum spicant and Lamiastrum galeobdolon, were absent in these same grazed forests. By contrast, generalist species, such as Ruscus aculeatus, Geranium robertianum and Veronica officinalis, were mostly present in the grazed woodlands. Diversity was measured as Species Richness as well as with the Shannon’s and Simpson’s indices. Plant species richness did not vary with disturbance treatment, however, it was highest for trees and shrubs at those woodlands in an advanced stage of regeneration, and for herbs in the lowest and highest disturbance groups. Besides, only the third vertical layer (2.5–10m) was affected by disturbance treatment. Simpson’s was the best index to explain the observed differences in the structure of woodlands subjected to unalike levels of disturbance. Species diversity was highest in woodlands with lowest disturbance or in an advanced state of regeneration. Woodlands with lowest disturbance had the highest diversity of trees and those woodlands in an advanced state of regeneration showed the highest diversity of shrub species. Regarding vertical structure, diversity was mostly affected in the intermediate layer (2.5–10m), with highest values found in woodlands at the lowest disturbance group, i.e. at least 100 years of no disturbance. Two indices of evenness, i.e. Pielou’s and Simpson’s were also calculated in this study. Results here presented suggest that plant species composition, percent cover of individual plant species, and the Simpson’s diversity index (applied considering the different growth-forms and vertical layers) are suitable and complementary indices to evaluate disturbance at the studied woodlands.