Developmental Contributors to Trauma Response: The Importance of Sensitive Periods, Early Environment, and Sex Differences.
Developmental Contributors to Trauma Response: The Importance of Sensitive Periods, Early Environment, and Sex Differences.
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DOI：
10.1007/7854_2016_38
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jovanovic T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Stevens JS;van Rooij SJH;Jovanovic T
这篇综述考虑了与发育相互作用的早期因素，包括发育敏感期、早期环境的影响和性别差异的出现。我们还描述了与创伤后应激障碍相关的神经基质的发展，并特别关注恐惧行为和回路。新出现的证据表明，这些潜在回路可能在10岁左右发生了发育变化，这可能会导致脆弱性。我们还讨论了年龄相关的变化，在照顾者可用性的重要性作为积极的缓冲因素。在发育后期，随着青春期的开始，激素的变化似乎进一步塑造了风险或弹性的发育轨迹。我们强调了这些最近的发现，以及从童年中期到成年早期进一步纵向研究的巨大需求。
This review considers early factors that interact with development to contribute to later trauma responses, including developmental sensitive periods, the effects of early environment, and the emergence of sex differences. We also describe development of neural substrates that have been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder and specifically focus on fear behavior and circuitry. Emerging evidence suggests that there may be developmental shifts around age 10 in these underlying circuits that may contribute to vulnerability. We also discuss age-related changes in the importance of caregiver availability as positive buffering factors. Hormonal changes later in development with onset during puberty appear to further shape development trajectories toward risk or resilience. We highlight these recent findings as well as the great need for further longitudinal research from middle childhood through early adulthood.