n-3 Fatty Acids: Role in Neurogenesis and Neuroplasticity
n-3 Fatty Acids: Role in Neurogenesis and Neuroplasticity
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DOI：
10.2174/09298673113209990140
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发表时间：
2013-08-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Cuzzocrea, S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crupi, R.;Marino, A.;Cuzzocrea, S.
Omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)是一种必需的不饱和脂肪酸，具有双键(C=C)，起始于碳链末端第三个碳原子之后。它们是重要的营养物质，但不幸的是，哺乳动物无法合成它们，因此它们必须从食物来源或补充剂中获得。在营养价值重要的n-3多不饱和脂肪酸中，α-亚麻酸(ALA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)在大脑中高度集中，具有抗氧化应激、抗炎和抗细胞凋亡的作用。它们参与许多身体过程，据报道可能导致神经疾病中的神经元保护。衰老或受损的神经元和阿尔茨海默病。它们在认知和行为功能以及几种神经和精神障碍方面的作用也得到了证实。齿状回(DG)是海马区的一个亚区，与认知和情绪调节有关。海马体是哺乳动物大脑中发生成年神经发生的两个区域之一。这一过程与对认知、情绪和慢性药物治疗的有益影响有关。暴露于n-3脂肪酸可促进与认知和行为过程相关的成年海马神经发生，通过增加长时程增强促进突触可塑性，并调节突触蛋白表达以刺激树突树枝和新脊椎的形成。在此基础上，我们综述了n-3脂肪酸对成年海马神经发生和神经可塑性的影响。此外，还指出了它们作为治疗神经退行性疾病的新方法的可能性。
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential unsaturated fatty acids with a double bond (C=C) starting after the third carbon atom from the end of the carbon chain. They are important nutrients but, unfortunately, mammals cannot synthesize them, whereby they must be obtained from food sources or from supplements. Amongst nutritionally important polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are highly concentrated in the brain and have anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. They are involved in many bodily processes and may reportedly lead to neuron protection in neurological diseases. aged or damaged neurons and in Alzheimer's disease. Their effect in cognitive and behavioral functions and in several neurological and psychiatric disorders has been also proven. The dentate gyrus (DG), a sub-region of hippocampus, is implicated in cognition and mood regulation. The hippocampus represents one of the two areas in the mammalian brain in which adult neurogenesis occurs. This process is associated with beneficial effects on cognition, mood and chronic pharmacological treatment. The exposure to n-3 fatty acids enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis associated with cognitive and behavioral processes, promotes synaptic plasticity by increasing long-term potentiation and modulates synaptic protein expression to stimulate the dendritic arborization and new spines formation. On this basis we review the effect of n-3 fatty acids on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. Moreover their possible use as a new therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases is pointed out.