Multilayer Observations and Modeling of Thunderstorm‐Generated Gravity Waves Over the Midwestern United States
Multilayer Observations and Modeling of Thunderstorm‐Generated Gravity Waves Over the Midwestern United States
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DOI：
10.1029/2019gl085934
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发表时间：
2019-12
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
C. Heale;J. Snively;A. Bhatt;L. Hoffmann;C. Stephan;E. Kendall
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Heale;J. Snively;A. Bhatt;L. Hoffmann;C. Stephan;E. Kendall
我们介绍了美国中西部地区由一系列中尺度对流系统产生的重力波的多层观测和数值模拟。观测和模拟了从对流层源到热层的强半中心GW，表现出强烈的非线性，表现为湍流涡旋的不稳定、破裂和形成。平流层中的GW在34-400公里的水平尺度上表现出很大的范围，而较小的波长波在中间层和低热层迅速破裂。较大尺度(≥150公里)波在热层中占主导地位，并在200-300公里高度向西北方向传播，与平均风相反。尽管在热层有很强的分子粘性和热传导性，但在630 nm气辉成像仪中发现了可能表明非线性的陡化波前。模型和数据之间的一致表明了数据受限模拟的新机会，这些模拟跨越多层可观测对象，包括这次事件没有捕捉到的中间层和较低热层区域的气辉。
We present multilayer observations and numerical simulations of gravity waves (GWs) generated by a series of Mesoscale Convective Systems over the midwestern United States. Strong semiconcentric GWs were observed and modeled, which couple from their tropospheric sources to the thermosphere, displaying strong nonlinearity indicated by instability, breaking, and formation of turbulent vortices. GWs in the stratosphere display a large range of horizontal scales from 34–400 km; however, the smaller wavelength waves break rapidly in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Larger‐scale (≥150 km) waves dominate in the thermosphere and display northwestward propagation at 200–300 km altitude, opposing the mean winds. Despite strong molecular viscosity and thermal conductivity in the thermosphere, steepened wave fronts, which may indicate nonlinearity, is identified in 630 nm airglow imagers. The agreement between model and data suggests new opportunities for data‐constrained simulations that span multilayer observables, including mesosphere and lower thermosphere‐region airglow not captured for this event.