Grooming interactions among the chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest, Uganda: Tests of five explanatory models
Grooming interactions among the chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest, Uganda: Tests of five explanatory models
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DOI：
10.1163/156853903322127968
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发表时间：
2003-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Whiten, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arnold, K;Whiten, A
研究人员对乌干达布东戈森林的Sonso黑猩猩群落的异源毛发梳理模式进行了研究，发现它们与其他研究地点的模式非常相似。与其他性别组合相比，男性之间强烈的从属关系反映在高水平的梳理上。在研究过程中，成年雄性为其他成年雄性和青春期雌性梳理毛发，而青春期雌性是唯一有规律发情周期的雌性。与女性相比，男性的梳洗对象更多样化，梳洗也更公平。然而，与其他网站相比，男性将大部分精力集中在极少数伴侣身上。梳理互惠在所有年龄/性别组合中都被发现，除了成年雄性-雌性二元组合，一旦从分析中删除同步相互梳理形式的即时互惠。由于男性的梳理被认为在服务关系和可以提高统治地位的对抗联盟中起着重要作用，因此预测对高级梳理伙伴的竞争会影响男性梳理的分布。梳洗确实是由男性等级决定的，排名靠前的男性比排名靠后的男性更经常梳洗对方。然而，当只考虑成年男性时，等级对打扮分布的影响很小。高级别似乎影响了获得女性的机会，但并没有吸引更多的女性梳理伴侣。在这个平均规模的群体中，梳理毛发的分布并不符合许多替代的优先访问模型，这些模型假设了对高级梳理伙伴的竞争，Watts （2000b）发现，这种模型在一个非常大的黑猩猩群体中有一定的解释价值，但在一个更小、更有代表性的群体中却没有。虽然等级极有可能影响联盟伙伴的选择，但这种关系是否取决于野生黑猩猩的战略梳理伙伴选择目前尚不清楚。
Patterns of allogrooming among the Sonso community of chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest, Uganda, were examined and found to closely resemble those at other study sites. Strong affiliative bonds among males were reflected in high levels of grooming compared with other sex combinations. Adult males groomed, and received grooming most often from, other adult males and also adolescent females which were the only females with regular oestrous cycles during the study. Males had a wider diversity of grooming partners than females and groomed more equitably. However, males concentrated the majority of their effort on a very small number of partners compared with other sites. Grooming reciprocity was found among all age/sex combinations with the exception of adult male-female dyads once immediate reciprocation in the form of synchronous mutual grooming was removed from the analysis. Since grooming among males is thought to play a major role in servicing relationships and agonistic coalitions that can improve dominance status, competition for high-ranking grooming partners was predicted to influence the distribution of grooming among males. Grooming was indeed directed up the male hierarchy and closely ranked males groomed each other more often than those that were distantly ranked. However, when only adult males were considered, rank had little effect on grooming distributions. High rank appeared to influence access to females, but did not attract more female grooming partners. Grooming distributions in this average-sized community did not fit a number of alternative priority of access models which assume competition for high-ranking grooming partners that Watts (2000b) found to have some explanatory value in one very large community of chimpanzees, but not in a smaller, more representative one. Although rank is highly likely to influence coalition partner choice, whether such relationships depend upon strategic grooming partner choices in wild chimpanzees is presently unclear.