Role of Amino Acid Metabolism in the Virulence of Human Pathogenic Fungi
Role of Amino Acid Metabolism in the Virulence of Human Pathogenic Fungi
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DOI：
10.1007/s40588-019-00124-5
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发表时间：
2019-09-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Vylkova, Slavena
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Garbe, Enrico;Vylkova, Slavena
白念珠菌、烟曲霉和新型隐球菌作为真菌病原体的成功取决于它们通过代谢重塑、应激抗性和毒力决定因子的表达快速适应宿主微环境。氨基酸代表了宿主内丰富的氮和碳源;然而，真菌对其的获取是一个非常复杂的过程，将几个感觉和摄取系统以及下游途径相互连接。在这篇综述中，我们将总结目前关于这一主题的知识，找出差距或差异，并讨论未来的研究方向。除了支持基本的细胞功能外，许多氨基酸的利用通过触发关键的毒力性状，包括菌丝形态发生和生物膜生长在C.白色念珠菌、C. neoformans和A.烟熏。虽然许多氨基酸传感和代谢的组成部分是真菌特异性的，但它们在感染中的重要性和作为抗真菌药物开发候选者的潜力需要进一步研究。
Purpose of the Review The success of Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Cryptococcus neoformans as fungal pathogens depends on their rapid adaptation to host microenvironments, through metabolic remodeling, stress resistance, and expression of virulence determinants. Amino acids represent an abundant nitrogen and carbon source within the host; however, their acquisition by fungi is a very complex process that interconnects several sensory and uptake systems and downstream pathways. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge concerning this topic, identify gaps or discrepancies, and discuss future research directions. Recent Findings Aside from supporting basic cellular functions, the utilization of many amino acids has a direct effect on fungal pathogenicity by triggering key virulence traits, including hyphal morphogenesis and biofilm growth in C. albicans, capsule formation in C. neoformans, and melanization in A. fumigatus. Although many components of amino acid sensing and metabolism are fungal specific, their importance in infection and potential as candidates for antifungal drug development require further investigation.