WHEN EXPERTISE REDUCES AGE-DIFFERENCES IN PERFORMANCE
WHEN EXPERTISE REDUCES AGE-DIFFERENCES IN PERFORMANCE
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DOI：
10.1037/0882-7974.9.1.134
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发表时间：
1994-03-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
FITZSIMMONS, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
MORROW, D;LEIRER, V;FITZSIMMONS, C
作者在类似于常规空中交通管制（ATC）通信的实验室任务中研究了航空专业知识是否减少了年龄差异。在实验 1 中，年长和年轻的飞行员和非飞行员读取典型的 ATC 消息（例如，改变飞机航向的命令）。每条消息后，他们都会读回（重复）命令，这是需要短期记忆的例行 ATC 程序。 Ss 还执行了与领域相关性较低的任务，专业知识消除了重复标题命令中的年龄差异，但并没有减少相关性较低的任务的年龄差异。在实验 2 中，专业知识减少了，但并没有消除在重复语音消息中的标题命令方面的年龄差异。结果表明，当任务与领域高度相关时，专业知识可以弥补资源年龄的下降。
The authors examined whether aviation expertise reduces age differences in a laboratory task that was similar to routine air traffic control (ATC) communication. In Experiment 1, older and younger pilots and nonpilots read typical ATC messages (e.g., commands to change aircraft heading). After each message, they read back (repeated) the commands, which is a routine ATC procedure requiring short-term memory. Ss also performed less domain-relevant tasks, Expertise eliminated age differences in repeating heading commands, but did not reduce age differences for the less relevant tasks. In Experiment 2, expertise reduced but did not eliminate age differences in repeating heading commands from spoken messages. The results suggest that expertise compensates age declines in resources when the task is highly domain relevant.