Editing misleading information from memory: Evidence for the coexistence of original and postevent information
Editing misleading information from memory: Evidence for the coexistence of original and postevent information
复制标题
编辑记忆中的误导性信息：原始信息和事后信息共存的证据
DOI：
10.3758/bf03196983
复制
发表时间：
1983
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Kathleen Ochalek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Christiaansen;Kathleen Ochalek
当误导性的事后信息使人对事件的记忆产生偏差时，原始的、准确的信息的命运将会怎样呢？一种可能性是，新信息和原始信息在内存中共存，但前者更容易访问。第二种假说认为，新信息取代了旧信息，记忆发生了不可逆转的改变。利用各种检索技术，Loftus和她的同事（Greene, Flynn, & Loftus, 1982; Loftus, 1979a, 1979b）在尝试恢复事件后偏差后的原始记忆时屡屡失败，这一发现支持了改变假说。在本研究中，两个实验证明了事件后偏倚。在每个实验中，一些受试者被告知事后信息中包含了一些不准确的细节。这些实验对象在阅读了误导信息后，当警告出现45分钟后，他们能够编辑掉不准确的细节，恢复原来的事实，这一结果证明了记忆是共存的。原始记忆的成功恢复显然是由于警告的清晰性和评估原始记忆恢复的改进技术。
When misleading postevent information biases one’s memory for an event, what is the fate of the original, accurate information? One possibility is that the new information and the original information coexist in memory, but that the former is simply more accessible. A second hypothesis suggests that the new information replaces the old, and memory is irreversibly altered. Using various retrieval techniques, Loftus and her associates (Greene, Flynn, & Loftus, 1982; Loftus, 1979a, 1979b) have failed repeatedly in attempts to recover original memories after postevent biasing, a finding that supports the alteration hypothesis. In the present study, postevent biasing was demonstrated in two experiments. In each experiment, some subjects were given a warning that the postevent information had included a few inaccurate details. These subjects were able to edit out the inaccurate details and to recover the original facts when the warning came as much as 45 rain after they had read the misleading information, a result that argues for the coexistence of memories. Successful recovery of the original memories was apparently due to the clarity of the warning and to an improved technique for assessing the retrieval of original memories.