A Computational Study of Liquid Shock Absorption for Prevention of Traumatic Brain Injury
A Computational Study of Liquid Shock Absorption for Prevention of Traumatic Brain Injury
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DOI：
10.1115/1.4049155
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发表时间：
2021-04-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Camarillo, David Benjamin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alizadeh, Hossein Vahid;Fanton, Michael G.;Camarillo, David Benjamin
轻度创伤性脑损伤（mTBI），更通俗地称为脑震荡，在美式足球等接触性运动中很常见，导致对头部防护装备的审查增加。标准化的实验室冲击测试，例如每年的国家橄榄球联盟（NFL）头盔测试，用于对橄榄球头盔的保护性能进行排名，从而激励新技术来提高头盔相对于现有设备的安全性。在这项工作中，我们假设，一个头盔，传输一个几乎恒定的最小力将导致降低mTBI的风险。为了评估这一假设的合理性，我们首先表明，在大脑的降阶模型中，传递到头部的最佳力实际上是恒定的力。为了模拟头盔内恒定力的影响，我们概念化了用于足球头盔内的基于流体的减震器系统。我们将该系统集成在一个计算头盔模型，并模拟其性能的标准NFL头盔测试的影响条件。并将模拟头盔与其他不同技术的头盔设计进行了比较。计算机模拟的头部冲击与液体减震预测，在最高的冲击速度（9.3米/秒），平均脑组织应变减少了27.6%+/- 9.3相比，现有的头盔衬垫时，测试的NFL头盔协议。这项基于模拟的研究为这项技术的物理表现的未来设计提出了一个目标基准。
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), more colloquially known as concussion, is common in contact sports such as American football, leading to increased scrutiny of head protective gear. Standardized laboratory impact testing, such as the yearly National Football League (NFL) helmet test, is used to rank the protective performance of football helmets, motivating new technologies to improve the safety of helmets relative to existing equipment. In this work, we hypothesized that a helmet which transmits a nearly constant minimum force will result in a reduced risk of mTBI. To evaluate the plausibility of this hypothesis, we first show that the optimal force transmitted to the head, in a reduced order model of the brain, is in fact a constant force profile. To simulate the effects of a constant force within a helmet, we conceptualize a fluid-based shock absorber system for use within a football helmet. We integrate this system within a computational helmet model and simulate its performance on the standard NFL helmet test impact conditions. The simulated helmet is compared with other helmet designs with different technologies. Computer simulations of head impacts with liquid shock absorption predict that, at the highest impact speed (9.3m/s), the average brain tissue strain is reduced by 27.6%+/- 9.3 compared to existing helmet padding when tested on the NFL helmet protocol. This simulation-based study puts forth a target benchmark for the future design of physical manifestations of this technology.