Theories, Vectors, and Computer Models: Marine Invasion Science in the Anthropocene

Theories, Vectors, and Computer Models: Marine Invasion Science in the Anthropocene
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理论、向量和计算机模型:人类世的海洋入侵科学

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-030-20389-4_10
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
YOUMARES 9 - The Oceans: Our Research, Our Future
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Llanos SD
Llanos SD
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Laeseke PL;Schiller J;Letschert J;Llanos SD

文献摘要

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众所周知,海洋入侵是世界范围内对生物多样性的威胁,并造成巨大的经济损失。入侵生态学的基本方面尚未完全了解,因为入侵物种及其特征既没有明确的定义,也没有明确的定义。同样,应对海洋入侵的法规也是零散的,要么限于特定区域,要么限于入侵过程的某些方面。尽管如此,海洋人为载体(如船舶污垢、压载水、水产养殖、海洋静态结构、漂浮垃圾和人类调节的气候变化)都得到了很好的描述。海洋非本土物种最重要的分布媒介是航运部门,由船舶污垢和压载水排放组成。船舶交通是一个不断增长的部门,因为不仅船舶尺寸在增加,而且极地等偏远环境也变得可以用于商业用途。为了减轻入侵,有必要评估物种入侵特定栖息地的能力,以及一个地区被入侵的风险。在生态层面上,这可以通过基于环境数据的生态位建模来实现。结合定量的媒介数据,可以开发出复杂的物种分布模型。尤其是可获得的数据量不断增加,为预测海洋入侵并为决策者提供有价值的信息提供了全面的建模方法。在这篇文章中,我们回顾了现有的文献,以提供对主要海洋媒介生物的背景和法规以及物种分布模型的简要见解。最后,我们提出了一些先进的基于生态和矢量数据的建模方法,有助于现实的风险评估。
Marine invasions are well-recognized as a worldwide threat to biodiversity and cause for tremendous economic damage. Fundamental aspects in invasion ecology are not yet fully understood, as there is neither a clear definition of invasive species nor their characteristics. Likewise, regulations to tackle marine invasions are fragmentary and either restricted to specific regions or certain aspects of the invasion process. Nonetheless, marine anthropogenic vectors (eg, vessel fouling, ballast water, aquaculture, marine static structures, floating debris, and human-mediated climate change) are well described. The most important distribution vector for marine nonindigenous species is the shipping sector, composed by vessel fouling and ballast water discharge. Ship traffic is a constantly growing sector, as not only ship sizes are increasing, but also remote environments such as the polar regions are becoming accessible for commercial use. To mitigate invasions, it is necessary to evaluate species’ capability to invade a certain habitat, as well as the risk of a region of becoming invaded. On an ecological level, this may be achieved by Ecological Niche Modelling based on environmental data. In combination with quantitative vector data, sophisticated species distribution models may be developed. Especially the ever-increasing amount of available data allows for comprehensive modelling approaches to predict marine invasions and provide valuable information for policy makers. For this article, we reviewed available literature to provide brief insights into the backgrounds and regulations of major marine vectors, as well as species distribution modelling. Finally, we present some state-of-the-art modelling approaches based on ecological and vector data, beneficial for realistic risk assessments.
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发表时间: 2015-12-22
期刊: Scientific reports
影响因子: 4.6
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期刊: PloS one
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DOI: --
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期刊:
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DOI: --
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