Further observations on the biology of the sea nettle and jellyfishes in Chesapeake Bay
Further observations on the biology of the sea nettle and jellyfishes in Chesapeake Bay
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DOI：
10.2307/1350339
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发表时间：
1967-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
SCHULTZ, LEONARD P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CARGO, DAVID G.;SCHULTZ, LEONARD P.
无柄或水螅阶段的Chrysaora quinqueclicha，海荨麻，很可能被发现在切萨皮克湾及其支流的硬基板上，无论盐度从7到20%发生。从现场和实验室的实验研究中，我们发现，浮浪，幼虫阶段的海荨麻，设置在牡蛎壳被放置在CBL码头和圣约翰溪;浮浪设置更频繁的硬物体的下面比上表面;和息肉被发现约40%的这些壳时，检查后，从水中在深秋。温度耐受性试验表明，当温度升高到34 ~ 36 ℃时，珊瑚虫和包囊就会死亡。息肉通常但不总是在温度福尔斯低于2 - 4 ℃时成囊。在圣约翰溪，息肉在18至19摄氏度时开始横裂，产生蝶状突起。1966年5月18日采集到第一个叶状体，8月26日采集到最后一个叶状体，当时水温为27 ℃。最后一只水母是8月29日在那里被捕获的。实验饲养的Ephyteria与紧张的栉水母保持他们的生活长达49天，他们成长为正常的水母。然而，在实验室条件下的增长率仅为每天约0.2毫米直径，而在圣约翰溪水母的大小从5月19日的1至3毫米增加到6月20日的171毫米（33天），表明直径每天最大增长约5.1毫米。一种Coryphella属的海蛞蝓被发现贪婪地以Chrysaora polyps为食。小海葵Diadu-mene leucolema（Verrill）以海葵为食。水母金小蜂以海核桃为食。阿加西或栉水母在实验室。本文对头状霞水母Cyanea capillata（Lin-naeus）的幼虫期和水螅期进行了生物学观察。我们用含有蛋白水解酶的嫩肉剂进行了试验，发现将这种物质涂在刚被水母棘虫蜇过的皮肤上，然后用水湿润，烧灼感和疼痛很快就减轻了。|| 摘要编辑：作者
The sessile or polyp stage of Chrysaora quinquecirrha, the sea nettle, is likely to be found in Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries on the hard substrates wherever salinities from 7 to 20% occur. From experimental studies in field and laboratory, we found that the planulae, larval stage of the sea nettle, set on oyster shells which were placed off the CBL pier and in St. John Creek; that planulae set more frequently on the underside of hard objects than on the upper surface; and that polyps were found on about 40% of these shells when examined after removal from the water in late autumn. Temperature tolerance experiments showed that the death of polyps and cysts occurred when the temperature was raised above 34 to 36 C. Polyps usually but not always encyst when the temperature falls below 2 to 4 C. Polyps begin to strobilate producing ephyrae at 18 to 19 C in St. John Creek. The first ephyra was collected on May 18, 1966 and the last one on Aug. 26, when the water temperature was 27 C. The last medusa was caught there on Aug. 29. Experimental feeding of ephyrae with strained ctenophores kept them alive as long as 49 days and they grew into normal jellyfish. However, the rate of growth under laboratory conditions was only about 0.2 mm indiameter per day, whereas the medusae in St. John Creek increased in size from a range of 1 to 3 mm on May 19 to as much as 171 mm on June 20 (33 days), indicating a maximum increment of about 5.1 mm in diameter per day. A sea slug of the genus Coryphella was found feeding voraciously on Chrysaora polyps. The tiny sea anemone, Diadu-mene leucolema (Verrill) actively feeds on ephyrae. Chrysoara medusae feed on the sea walnuts Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz or ctenophores in the laboratory. Biological observations were made on the larval and polyp stages of the winter jelly fish Cyanea capillata (Lin-naeus). We experimented with meat tenderizers, containing proteoly-tic enzymes, and found that when the substances were applied to skin recently stung by Chrysaora medusae, then moistened with water, the burning sensation and pain were quickly relieved. || ABSTRACT AUTHORS: Authors