Modeling hydrological ecosystem services and tradeoffs: a case study in Baiyangdian watershed, China
Modeling hydrological ecosystem services and tradeoffs: a case study in Baiyangdian watershed, China
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DOI：
10.1007/s12665-012-2154-5
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发表时间：
2013-09-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Jiang, Bo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bai, Yang;Zheng, Hua;Jiang, Bo
决策者和科学家认为，土地利用战略旨在通过保护重要的生态系统服务，为人们提供直接利益。然而，由于缺乏信息和评价方法，没有有效和系统的工具来评估人类直接惠益与生态系统服务之间的权衡。土地使用的变化影响生态系统的特性、过程和组成部分，而这些是提供服务的基础。以白洋淀流域为研究对象，模拟了5种土地利用方案（不改变农业用地、不扩大城市用地、农业用地、林业用地和河岸再造林）。模型InVEST（生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估）旨在为自然资源管理决策提供信息，旨在使经济力量与保护保持一致。三个生态系统服务（农业生产，水电生产和水质）进行了建模，以平衡直接效益和水文生态系统服务使用InVEST。结果表明：水力发电量在林业扩张中最大，农业扩张中最小;农业产量在林业扩张中减少最多，而在河岸再造林中保持最多。河岸再造林也提供了最高的N和P的保留和最低的N和P的输出。河岸再造林是最佳的土地利用战略，因为它保护和加强了重要的生态系统服务，同时又不损害人类的直接利益。这项研究提出了一个初步的分析框架，将直接的人类利益和生态系统服务纳入政策规划，并说明了其应用。虽然生态系统服务之间存在重要的潜在权衡，但这一系统规划框架为确定保护与发展之间的宝贵协同增效作用提供了一种手段。
Policy makers and scientists consider that land use strategies are designed to provide direct benefits to people by protecting vital ecosystem services. However, due to lack of information and evaluation methods, there is no effective and systematic tool for assessing tradeoffs between direct human benefits and ecosystem services. Land use changes influence ecosystem properties, processes and components, which are the basis for providing services. Five alternative land use scenarios (no conversion of agricultural lands, no urban expansion, agricultural expansion, forestry expansion, and riparian reforestation) were modeled for the Baiyangdian watershed, China, a densely populated, highly modified watershed with serious water shortage and pollution problems. The model InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) is designed to inform decisions about natural resource management, with an aim to align economic forces with conservation. Three ecosystem services (agricultural production, hydropower production, and water quality) were modeled to balance direct benefits and hydrological ecosystem services using InVEST. The results showed that: hydropower production was the greatest in the forestry expansion, but the lowest in agricultural expansion; agricultural production was reduced the most in forestry expansion, while retained the most in riparian reforestation. Riparian reforestation also provided the highest N and P retention and lowest N and P exportation. Riparian reforestation was the optimal land use strategy, since it protected and enhanced the vital ecosystem services without undermining direct human benefits. This research presents an initial analytical framework for integrating direct human benefits and ecosystem services in policy planning and illustrates its application. Although there are important potential tradeoffs between ecosystem services, this systematic planning framework offers a means for identifying valuable synergies between conservation and development.