The dependence of cirrus gamma size distributions expressed as volumes in N0‐λ‐μ phase space and bulk cloud properties on environmental conditions: Results from the Small Ice Particles in Cirrus Experiment (SPARTICUS)
The dependence of cirrus gamma size distributions expressed as volumes in N0‐λ‐μ phase space and bulk cloud properties on environmental conditions: Results from the Small Ice Particles in Cirrus Experiment (SPARTICUS)
复制标题
卷云伽马尺寸分布（以 N0-λ-μ 相空间中的体积表示）和大块云特性对环境条件的依赖性：卷云实验中小冰粒子 (SPARTCUS) 的结果
DOI：
10.1002/2015jd023492
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Atlas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Jackson;G. McFarquhar;A. Fridlind;R. Atlas
利用卷云小颗粒 (SPARTCUS) 活动期间获得的观测结果来研究卷云冰微物理特性的变化。使用 (N0, λ, μ) 相空间中同样可实现的解的椭球将尺寸分布 (SD) 表示为单个伽马函数的现有方法经过修改，可以自动识别 SD 中的多个模式，并通过这样的椭球来表征每个模式。修改后的方法适用于由 Stratton Park Engineering Company Learjet 上的 2D 立体和 2D 降水探针收集的最大尺寸 D > 15 μm 的冰晶。然后分析每个模式的 N0、μ 和 λ、总数浓度、整体消光、冰水含量 (IWC) 和质量中值最大尺寸 Dmm 与温度 T 和卷云类型的函数关系。观察到的 N0、μ 和 λ、整体消光、IWC 和 Dmm 之间的相关性随环境条件的变化表明，在 SPARTICUS 期间，颗粒在较高 T 下更大。在 SPARTICUS 期间，在任何 SD 中最多观察到两种模式，它们之间的平均边界为 115 µm，类似于过去不使用具有防碎尖端和伪影去除算法的探头的研究。 SD 的双峰性随着 T 的增加而增加。这以及模式之间 N0、μ 和 λ 的差异表明，具有较小 D 的颗粒比具有较大 D 的颗粒更晚成核，后者通过气相沉积和聚集生长。由于浓度不确定的较小晶体对高阶矩的贡献很小，因此建议使用高阶矩来评估模型场。
The variability of cirrus ice microphysical properties is investigated using observations obtained during the Small Particles in Cirrus (SPARTICUS) campaign. An existing approach that represents a size distribution (SD) as a single gamma function using an ellipsoid of equally realizable solutions in (N0, λ, μ) phase space is modified to automatically identify multiple modes in SDs and characterize each mode by such an ellipsoid. The modified approach is applied to ice crystals with maximum dimension D > 15 µm collected by the 2‐D stereo and 2‐D precipitation probes on the Stratton Park Engineering Company Learjet. The dependencies of N0, μ, and λ from each mode, total number concentration, bulk extinction, ice water content (IWC), and mass median maximum dimension Dmm as a function of temperature T and cirrus type are then analyzed. The changes in the observed codependencies between N0, μ, and λ, bulk extinction, IWC, and Dmm with environmental conditions indicate that particles were larger at higher T during SPARTICUS. At most two modes were observed in any SD during SPARTICUS, with the average boundary between them at 115 µm, similar to past studies not using probes with shatter mitigating tips and artifact removal algorithms. The bimodality of the SDs increased with T. This and the differences in N0, μ, and λ between the modes suggest that particles with smaller D nucleated more recently than particles with larger D, which grew via vapor deposition and aggregation. Because smaller crystals, whose concentrations are uncertain, make marginal contributions to higher order moments, the use of higher moments for evaluating model fields is suggested.
北极、中纬度和热带卷云的冰水含量 - 第 2 部分：数据库扩展和新的统计分析
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Luebke;L. Avallone;C. Schiller;C. Rolf;M. Krämer
通讯作者：
M. Krämer