Inventions and patenting in Africa: Empirical trends from 1970 to 2010
Inventions and patenting in Africa: Empirical trends from 1970 to 2010
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DOI：
10.1111/jwip.12139
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发表时间：
2019-11-25
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
Pardey, Philip G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Graff, Gregory D.;Pardey, Philip G.
经济发展越来越依赖于利用新知识进行创新和创造价值，即使在传统行业和低收入国家也是如此。该分析使用专利家族的证据来评估整个撒哈拉以南非洲地区的创新活动。我们发现，以经济规模为条件，撒哈拉以南非洲地区的专利活动（无论是非洲发明家还是外国发明家）与世界各地类似地区的专利活动相当。非洲的专利申请量不断增长，特别是自 20 世纪 90 年代中期以来，但非洲不同司法管辖区的增长速度有所不同。 30 年来，非洲获得专利的技术类型一直保持稳定，其中大多数是制药、化学、生物技术和工程。非洲的大部分专利申请来自欧洲、美国和其他高收入国家。然而，在南非，15% 至 20% 的专利申请来自南非居民，3% 来自其他发展中和新兴经济体。全球范围内只有一小部分发明是在撒哈拉以南非洲地区做出的，但对于那些确实出现在非洲的发明，外国申请广泛在非洲以外的地区进行。
Economic development is increasingly dependent upon on utilizing new knowledge to innovate and create value, even in traditional industries and in low-income countries. This analysis uses evidence on patent families to assess innovation activity throughout sub-Saharan Africa. We find patent activity in sub-Saharan Africa-both by African inventors and by foreign inventors-is comparable to similar regions around the world, when conditioned on economic size. Patent filings in Africa have grown, particularly, since the mid-1990s, but at different rates within different African jurisdictions. Types of technologies being patented in Africa have remained stable over 30 years, with most in pharmaceuticals, chemistry, biotechnology, and engineering. The majority of patent filings in Africa are from Europe, the United States, and other high income countries. Yet, in South Africa, between 15% and 20% of patent filings are by residents of South Africa, and 3% are from other developing and emerging economies. Only a small share of inventions globally are made in sub-Saharan Africa, but for those inventions that do arise in Africa, foreign filings are made widely outside of Africa.