Why farmers should manage the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Why farmers should manage the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
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DOI：
10.1111/nph.15602
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发表时间：
2019-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.4
通讯作者：
Yang, Gaowen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rillig, Matthias C.;Aguilar-Trigueros, Carlos A.;Yang, Gaowen
Ryan和Graham(2018)的Tansley审查为丛枝菌根(AM)真菌在大规模工业化农业中的作用提供了一个受欢迎的批评视角，重点是谷物(小麦、普通小麦)。他们的结论是，几乎没有证据表明农民在管理作物时应该考虑AM真菌的丰度或多样性。考虑到AM真菌在农业生态系统中的重要性通常被认为是理所当然的，我们欢迎论文中提出的许多观点，因为它们提供了一个自我反思的机会。然而，我们认为，现在就得出目前没有必要由农民管理AM真菌的整体结论还为时过早。我们提供以下几点以帮助讨论。第一点与Ryan&Graham(2018)的总体重点有关，这在很大程度上决定了作者提出的建议。这一范围仅限于产出，而忽略了可持续性的各个方面。然后，我们认为AM真菌群落确实对农业管理的各个方面做出了负面反应，并列出了它们对重要农艺性状(包括谷物产量)的积极影响的证据。在我们的最后一个论点中，我们主张过渡到与AM更兼容的农业生态系统，以便越来越多地利用这些古老的共生体和其他土壤生物群可以提供的所有潜在服务。
The Tansley review by Ryan & Graham (2018) provided a welcome critical perspective on the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in large-scale industrial agriculture, with a focus on cereals (wheat, Triticum aestivum). They conclude that there is little evidence that farmers should consider the abundance or diversity of AM fungi when managing crops. We welcome many of the points made in the paper, as they give an opportunity for self-reflection, considering that the importance of AM fungi in agroecosystems is often taken for granted. However, we suggest that it is too early to draw the overall conclusion that the management of AM fungi by farmers is currently not warranted. We offer the following points to contribute to the discussion. The first point pertains to the overall focus of Ryan & Graham (2018), which strongly determines the recommendations at which the authors arrive. This scope is limited to yield, at the expense of neglecting aspects of sustainability. We then argue that AM fungal communities do respond negatively to aspects of agricultural management, and list evidence for their positive effects to agronomically important traits, including yield in cereals. In our final argument, we advocate for transitioning to agroecosystems that are more AM compatible in order to increasingly take advantage of all the potential services these ancient symbionts, and other soil biota, can provide.