Potentially toxic metals and the risk to children's health in a coal mining city: An investigation of soil and dust levels, bioaccessibility and blood lead levels
Potentially toxic metals and the risk to children's health in a coal mining city: An investigation of soil and dust levels, bioaccessibility and blood lead levels
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煤矿城市的潜在有毒金属及其对儿童健康的风险：对土壤和灰尘水平、生物可及性和血铅水平的调查
DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2020.105788
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发表时间：
2020-08-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Yu, Hongtao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
He, Ana;Li, Xiaoping;Yu, Hongtao
煤炭是世界上的主要能源。煤炭开采和燃烧产生的潜在有毒金属（PTM）排放正在引起严重的公共健康问题。为了量化和评估PTMs对儿童的影响？本文测定了榆林市城市土壤和街道灰尘中As、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sr、Zn、Ca、Fe、Mg等12种有害元素的含量，并对229名0-6岁儿童进行了血铅测定。采用人工溶酶体液和Gamble？的解决方案，和胃肠道生物accessories的统一BAGRE方法（UBM）;化学形态的PTM和它们的生物可及性之间的相关性进行了研究，和儿童？的（0-6岁）的健康风险进行了系统的研究。在土壤和灰尘中发现了类似的PTM分布水平，污染最严重的金属是Co，Sr，Ca和Pb。除Cr、Fe外，所有PTM均来自土壤和粉尘中大量的人工溶酶体液提取，而Ca和Co在胃和肠相中的提取较好。生物附件（肺和胃肠道）和铁/锰氢氧化物结合和碳酸盐结合相之间观察到显着的相关性，这是影响和确定PTM的关键因素？生物可及性儿童血铅水平（0-6岁）为27.47（21.65，33.30）0-1岁奥尔兹，32.29（26.39，38.19）1-2岁奥尔兹，36.99（28.16，45.81）2-3岁奥尔兹，30.79（22.56，39.01），4-5岁27.12（17.31，36.93），5-6岁34.59（24.22，44.97），3-4岁37.83（24.15，51.51）。6-7岁奥尔兹血铅超标率分别为3.93%、3.49%、4.80%、2.62%、1.31%、1.75%和1.31%。g/L。提示1-2岁和5-6岁儿童血铅水平升高，应引起重视。虽然大多数PTM的非致癌和致癌风险均在可接受水平以下，但Ni的较高致癌风险和Pb的非致癌风险应持续监测。我们建议采取进一步行动，通过可持续的清洁和生态能源技术的煤炭开采，以减少PTMs的儿童，特别是1-2岁的婴儿暴露。
Coal is a primary energy source in the world. Potentially toxic metals (PTMs) emission from coal mining and combustion are posing a serious public health concern. In order to quantify and evaluate the effect of PTMs on children?s health, the concentrations of 12 PTMs (As, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Zn, Ca, Fe, and Mg) bound in urban soil and street dust are determined and blood lead levels of these PTMs in 229 children (0-6 years old) are collected from the coal mining city of Yulin, China. In vitro pulmonary bioaccessibilities of PTMs are evaluated by artificial lysosomal fluid and Gamble?s solution, and gastrointestinal bioaccessibilities by the unified BAGRE method (UBM); correlations between chemical speciation of PTMs and their bioaccessibility are examined, and children?s (0-6 years old) health risks are systematically studied. Similar distribution levels of PTMs are found in soils and dusts, with the most polluted metals being Co, Sr, Ca and Pb. All PTMs (except Cr, Fe) are from the considerable artificial lysosomal fluid extraction both in soil and dust, while Ca and Co are favorably extracted in gastro and intestinal phases than others. Significant correlations are observed between the bioaccessibilities (lung and gastrointestinal) and Fe/Mn hydroxide -bound and carbonate -bound phases, which are key factors influencing and determining PTMs? bioaccessibility. Blood lead levels for children (0-6 years old) are 27.47 (21.65, 33.30) for 0-1 year olds, 32.29 (26.39, 38.19) for 1-2 year olds, 36.99 (28.16, 45.81) for 2-3 year olds, 30.79 (22.56, 39.01) for 3-4 year olds, 27.12 (17.31, 36.93) for 4-5 year olds, 34.59 (24.22, 44.97) for 5-6 year olds and 37.83 (24.15, 51.51) ?g/L for 6-7 year olds, respectively, with 3.93%, 3.49%, 4.80%, 2.62%, 1.31%, 1.75% and 1.31% exceeding 50 ?g/L, respectively. This indicates that the blood lead levels elevate for 1-2 year and 5-6 year old groups, which should be paid more attention. Although the non -carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of most PTMs are under the acceptable level, the higher carcinogenic risk of Ni and non -carcinogenic risk of Pb should be monitored continuously. We suggest that further actions will be taken to reduce PTMs exposure for children through sustainable clean and ecological energy technology for coal mining, especially for those infants of 1-2 years old.