Decomposing U.S. Water Use Since 1950. Is the U.S. Experience Replicable?
Decomposing U.S. Water Use Since 1950. Is the U.S. Experience Replicable?
复制标题
分解 1950 年以来美国的用水情况。美国的经验可以复制吗？
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Amanda Kurzendoerfer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Debaere;Amanda Kurzendoerfer
自1950年以来，美国的用水量一直遵循着一种引人注目的模式，而不是模仿美国人口几乎不间断地增长110%，真实的GDP相对稳定地增长570%，人均GDP增长220%。取水总量在1950年至1980年期间翻了一番后，已趋于稳定，近年来甚至有所下降。我们的分解显示，美国每生产一美元GDP所需的水资源越来越少，其中35%到50%的生产率增长源于1950年以来美国经济的长期结构性变化（服务业经济增长，制造业和农业部门下降）。剩余的50%至65%是由于生产技术的改进，特别是由于发电部门的水生产率的提高，特别是自20世纪70年代中后期以来。我们认为，虽然全球化有助于减少美国的用水量，特别是自1980年以来，美国进口更多水密集型商品的能力并不是美国用水量趋于稳定的主要原因。
Water use in the U.S. has followed a remarkable pattern since 1950, not mimicking the almost uninterrupted 110 percent increase in the size of the U.S. population, the relatively steady 570 percent growth in real GDP, and the 220 percent improvement in per capita GDP. After doubling between 1950 and 1980, the total volume of water withdrawn has stabilized and even decreased in recent years. Our decomposition shows that between 35 and 50 percent of the productivity gains that allowed the U.S. to produce each dollar of its GDP with increasingly less water stems from long-term structural changes of the U.S. economy since 1950 (growing service economy, declining manufacturing and agricultural sectors). The remaining 50 to 65 percent is due to improved production techniques, and in particular due to water productivity improvements in the electricity-generating sector, especially since the mid to late 1970s. We argue that while globalization has helped reduce U.S. water use particularly since 1980, the U.S. ability to import more water-intensive goods is not the main reason U.S. water use plateaued.