Evolution of a multifunctional trait: shared effects of foraging ecology and thermoregulation on beak morphology, with consequences for song evolution
Evolution of a multifunctional trait: shared effects of foraging ecology and thermoregulation on beak morphology, with consequences for song evolution
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2019.2474
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发表时间：
2019-12-18
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Economo, Evan P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Friedman, Nicholas R.;Miller, Eliot T.;Economo, Evan P.
虽然形态特征通常与多种功能相关，但进化如何平衡不同功能的选择性效应仍不清楚。鸟类的喙不仅具有觅食的功能，还具有调节体温和歌唱等功能。然而，喙进化的研究比比皆是，但大多数都集中在单一功能上。因此，我们量化了不同功能在进化时间尺度上的相对贡献。我们使用几何形态计量学测量了喙的形状，并将这一特征与澳大利亚辐射鸣禽（Meliphagidae）的系统发育比较研究中的觅食行为、气候变量和鸣叫特征进行了比较。我们发现气候和觅食行为与喙的形状和大小显着相关。然而，觅食生态对形状的影响更大，而气候对大小的影响几乎相同。我们还发现喙形态的进化变化对声音表现产生重大影响：具有细长形状喙的物种以更高的频率歌唱，而具有大喙的物种以较慢的速度歌唱。鸟类喙的进化例证了形态特征如何成为功能之间的进化妥协，并表明沿任何功能轴的专业化可能会增加生态分歧或沿其他功能轴的生殖隔离。
While morphological traits are often associated with multiple functions, it remains unclear how evolution balances the selective effects of different functions. Birds' beaks function not only in foraging but also in thermoregulating and singing, among other behaviours. Studies of beak evolution abound, however, most focus on a single function. Hence, we quantified relative contributions of different functions over an evolutionary timescale. We measured beak shape using geometric morphometrics and compared this trait with foraging behaviour, climatic variables and song characteristics in a phylogenetic comparative study of an Australasian radiation of songbirds (Meliphagidae). We found that both climate and foraging behaviour were significantly correlated with the beak shape and size. However, foraging ecology had a greater effect on shape, and climate had a nearly equal effect on size. We also found that evolutionary changes in beak morphology had significant consequences for vocal performance: species with elongate-shaped beaks sang at higher frequencies, while species with large beaks sang at a slower pace. The evolution of the avian beak exemplifies how morphological traits can be an evolutionary compromise among functions, and suggests that specialization along any functional axis may increase ecological divergence or reproductive isolation along others.