LIFE HISTORY STRATEGY AND EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF TRIBOLIUM FLOUR BEETLES
LIFE HISTORY STRATEGY AND EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF TRIBOLIUM FLOUR BEETLES
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谷盗的生活史策略和进化史
DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.1977.tb01001.x
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发表时间：
1977
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
P. Dawson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Dawson
粉甲虫、castaneum Tribolium castaneum和T. confusum的生活史模式具有殖民时期的特征。这些生物具有许多与殖民者相关的特性，包括高内在增长率(r)、快速发育和早熟、高死亡率增加风险比、出色的扩散能力（至少对castaneum而言）和强烈的掠食倾向（Mertz, 1971）。然而，有一些令人困惑的特征并不适合这个简单的类别。由于Tribolium已成为生态学和遗传学问题的广泛使用的实验室工具，对这些差异的一些评论似乎是值得的。例如，定殖生物受到高r选择的影响。正如Cole（1954）在他对生活史特征的开创性分析中所表明的那样，快速发育导致高r。Lewontin（1965）在Cole的分析基础上进行了扩展，得出结论，在发育时间内，定殖生物种群应该包含少量的可加性遗传变异，并且对快速发育的人工选择的反应最小，如果有的话。与这一预期相反，一些研究报告了在一个或两个Tribolium物种的实验室种群中对选择的显著反应和相当数量的加性遗传变异（Dawson, 1965; Scheinberg et al., 1967; Englert and Bell, 1970）。事实证明，标准的实验室饲养方法导致了中间发育时间的稳定选择，这是通过密集、同步培养中早期化蛹个体的同类相食来实现的（Dawson, 1975）。自然种群似乎同意Lewon-tin的预测。
Colonizing episodes are characteristic of the life history pattern of the flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum and T. confusum. These organisms have many of the attributes that have been associated with colonizers, including high intrinsic growth rate (r), rapid development and early maturity, high ratio of increase to risk of mortality, excellent dispersal ability (for T. castaneum at least) and strong predatory tendencies (Mertz, 1971). There are, however, some puzzling characteristics that do not fit readily into this neat category. Since Tribolium has become a widely used laboratory tool for ecological and genetic problems, some comments on these discrepancies seem worthwhile.For example, colonizing organisms are subjected to selection for high r. As Cole (1954) showed in his seminal analysis of life history characteristics, fast development leads to high r. Lewontin (1965), expanding on Cole's analysis, concluded that populations of colonizers should contain low amounts of additive genetic variance for developmental time and respond minimally, if at all, to artificial selection for fast development. Contrary to this expectation, several studies have reported marked responses to selection and considerable amounts of additive genetic variance for this trait in laboratory populations of one or both Tribolium species (Dawson, 1965a; Scheinberg et al., 1967; Englert and Bell, 1970). It turns out that standard laboratory husbandry methods lead to stabilizing selection for intermediate developmental time which operates through cannibalism of early-pupating individuals in dense, synchronized cultures (Dawson, 1975). Natural populations seem to agree with Lewon-tin's predictions.