Space shuttle's impact on the stratosphere: An update
Space shuttle's impact on the stratosphere: An update
复制标题
航天飞机对平流层的影响：更新
DOI：
10.1029/96jd00577
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Fleming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Jackman;D. Considine;E. Fleming
为了评估它们对平流层的影响，在一个二维光化学和传输模型中模拟了每年发射9架航天飞机和3架泰坦的情况，该模型包括平流层硫酸盐气溶胶（SSA）层和极地平流层云（PSC）的非均相反应。预计这些火箭发射将在平流层中引起微小的成分变化。据计算，在北方中高纬度地区的平流层中上部，无机氯的最大总增强量约为万亿分之十二（在十亿分之三的体积背景下为0.4%）。据计算，在北方中高纬度的平流层中上部，与这些氯增加有关的臭氧最大减少量约为0.14%。据预测，在早春，北方极地纬度臭氧柱减少量最大约为0.05%。模型结果使用（1）气相反应，（2）气相反应和非均相反应的SSA层，（3）气相反应和非均相反应的SSA层和PSC也进行了比较。从我们的模型的这三个版本的模拟得到每年平均全球臭氧总量减少（1）0.0056%，（2）0.010%，（3）0.014%。这些火箭排放的氧化铝促进的多相反应对平流层的影响可能大于从氯排放中预测的影响，需要进一步调查。
To assess their impact on the stratosphere, a launch scenario of nine shuttles and three Titans per year is simulated in a two-dimensional photochemistry and transport model that includes heterogeneous reactions on a stratospheric sulfate aerosol (SSA) layer and polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). These rocket launches are predicted to cause small constituent changes in the stratosphere. Maximum total inorganic chlorine enhancements are computed to be about 12 parts per trillion by volume (∼0.4% on a 3 parts per billion by volume background) in the middle to upper stratosphere at northern middle to high latitudes. Maximum ozone decreases associated with these chlorine increases are calculated to be about 0.14% in the middle to upper stratosphere at northern middle to high latitudes. Column ozone decreases are predicted to be a maximum of about 0.05% at northern polar latitudes in the early spring. Model results using (1) gas phase only reactions, (2) gas phase reactions and heterogeneous reactions on the SSA layer, and (3) gas phase reactions and heterogeneous reactions on the SSA layer and PSCs have also been compared with one another. The simulations from these three versions of our model gave annually averaged global total ozone decreases of (1) 0.0056%, (2) 0.010%, and (3) 0.014%. Stratospheric effects from heterogeneous reactions promoted by the alumina emitted from these rockets could be larger than those predicted from the chlorine emissions and need to be investigated further.