10 – The Biogeography of C4 Photosynthesis: Patterns and Controlling Factors
10 – The Biogeography of C4 Photosynthesis: Patterns and Controlling Factors
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-012614440-6/50011-2
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Sage;D. Wedin;Meirong Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Sage;D. Wedin;Meirong Li
C4光合作用是一种CO2浓缩机制，其增加Rubisco的羧化速率，同时使加氧酶活性和光呼吸的抑制作用最小化（Chollet和Ogren，1975）。从光合作用的角度来看，C4光合作用的最大优势是在促进C~植物光呼吸的情况下，最明显的是高温和低细胞间CO2浓度，这是由于气孔孔径受限和低大气CO2造成的。基于C3和C4光合作用的相对性能的简单预测是，C4物种应优于C3物种在温暖的栖息地和条件下，促进气孔关闭（干旱，高盐度，低湿度）。因此，教科书的概括已经变成Ca光合作用是对具有有限水分可用性的温暖高光栖息地的适应（Barthel等人，1987; Taiz和Zeiger，1991; Raven等人，1992年）。与大多数概括一样，C4光合作用的适应意义的这种观点过于简单化，可能导致误解。C4植物通常占据炎热和干燥的地点，但它们也可以占据温暖，潮湿的栖息地，而在某些炎热，干燥的地方却没有。通常情况下，C4物种的分布更多地反映了多种生态因子之间的相互作用，而不是在高温或干旱下的上级表现。为了有效地解释为什么一个钙物种是成功的，在一个特定的位置，因此，有必要扩大讨论超出光合作用的属性，并考虑其他关键的生态控制。本文综述了30多年来C4分布的研究成果
C 4 photosynthesis is a CO2-concentrating mechanism that increases the carboxylation rate of Rubisco while simultaneously minimizing oxygenase activity and the inhibitory effects of photorespiration (Chollet and Ogren, 1975). From a photosynthetic standpoint, the greatest advantage of C4 photosynthesis is in situations that promote photorespiration in C~ plants, most notably high temperature and low intercellular CO2 concentrations that result from restricted stomatal aperture and low atmospheric CO2. Simple predictions based on relative performance of C3 and C4 photosynthesis are that C4 species should outperform C3 species in warm habitats and conditions promoting stomatal closure (drought, high salinity, and low humidity). Thus, the textbook generalization has become that Ca photosynthesis is an adaptation for warm, high-light habitats with limited moisture availability (Barbour et al., 1987; Taiz and Zeiger, 1991; Raven et al., 1992). As with most generalizations, this view of the adaptive significance of C4 photosynthesis is an oversimplification that can lead to misunderstanding. C4 plants often dominate sites that are hot and dry, yet they can also dominate warm, wet habitats while being absent in certain hot, dry locations. Frequently, the distribution of C4species is more a reflection of interactions between multiple ecological agents, rather than superior performance in heat or drought. To explain effectively why a Ca species is successful in a particular location, it is therefore necessary to expand the discussion beyond photosynthetic attributes and consider other key ecological controls. In this review, we synthesize more than 30 years of research on C4 distributions