A new model of sex chromosome evolution.
A new model of sex chromosome evolution.
复制标题
性染色体进化的新模型。
DOI：
10.1126/science.abn7410
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Veller,Carl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Muralidhar,Pavitra;Veller,Carl
在许多物种中，性别是由特定染色体的存在与否决定的。例如，在哺乳动物中，雄性通常携带一条Y和一条X染色体，而雌性通常携带两条X染色体。性别特异的染色体通常退化--体积小，基因匮乏。直到最近，生物学家一直依赖一个经典的模型来解释退化的性染色体的进化，涉及选择中的性别差异和选择在配子发生中没有重组的基因组区域发挥较低效率的原理(，)。然而，这一模型几乎没有得到具体的经验支持，最近的观察结果质疑其普遍性(，)。在这一期的第663页上，洛诺曼和罗兹提出了一个基于基因调控进化的退化性染色体进化的新模型。
In many species, sex is determined by the presence or absence of a particular chromosome. In mammals, for example, males usually carry a Y and an X chromosome and females usually carry two X chromosomes. The sex-specific chromosome is often degenerate—small in size and gene-poor. Until recently, biologists have relied on a classical model to explain the evolution of degenerate sex chromosomes, involving sex differences in selection and the principle that selection acts less efficiently in regions of the genome that do not recombine in gametogenesis (, ). However, this model has received little concrete empirical support, and recent observations have called into question its generality (, ). On page 663 of this issue, Lenormand and Roze propose a new model for the evolution of degenerate sex chromosomes, based on the evolution of gene regulation.