The benefits of floral border crops in smallholder rice production depends on agronomic inputs and landscape context
The benefits of floral border crops in smallholder rice production depends on agronomic inputs and landscape context
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DOI：
10.1111/afe.12615
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发表时间：
2024-02
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Bryony K. Willcox;M. Garratt;T. Breeze;N. Mathimaran;Simon G. Potts;Girija Prasad;Rengalakshmi Raj;D. Senapathi
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作者：
Bryony K. Willcox;M. Garratt;T. Breeze;N. Mathimaran;Simon G. Potts;Girija Prasad;Rengalakshmi Raj;D. Senapathi
生态集约化为实现更可持续的农业系统提供了一条重要且日益被采用的途径。然而，农场EI实践的实施和成功可能会因景观背景和当地管理实践而异。我们评估了EI干预措施，包括两种不同的农业投入制度(高或低使用合成农药和化肥)和花卉边界作物，如何影响当地天敌生物多样性、害虫丰度和作物产量，以及周围景观环境如何影响印度Puducherry小农户农场的12块稻田。农业投入的减少对整个天敌种群有积极的影响；然而，对景观因素的反应各不相同。例如，瓢虫与较高的田间边缘密度(景观配置)呈负相关。相比之下，蜘蛛，这一调查中数量最多的群体，没有受到任何景观指标的显著影响。此外，害虫在投入减少的田地中最多，但只有在没有花卉边界作物的地方才是最多的。与高投入地点相比，低投入地点的平均水稻产量较低，而花卉边界作物在高投入地点和低投入地点的影响相反。在低投入地点，种植花卉边境作物的平均产量高出33%。在高投入地点，花卉边界作物的存在与较低的平均产量(16%)相关。这些调查结果表明，生态集约化做法可使小农作物系统受益，但突出表明需要考虑到景观背景和当地管理做法的变化，以制定有效的可持续管理做法。
Ecological intensification (EI) provides an important and increasingly adopted pathway for achieving more sustainable agricultural systems. However, the implementation and success of on‐farm EI practices may vary depending on landscape context and local management practices. We evaluated how EI interventions, including two different agricultural input regimes (high or low use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers) and floral border crops, affected local natural enemy biodiversity, pest abundance and crop yield, and how this was influenced by the surrounding landscape context across 12 rice fields on smallholder farms in Puducherry, India. Reducing agricultural inputs positively impacted the overall natural enemy assemblage; however, responses to landscape factors varied. For example, coccinellid beetles were negatively correlated with higher densities of field edges (landscape configuration). In contrast, spiders, the most abundant group surveyed, were not significantly influenced by any landscape metric. Furthermore, pest abundance was greatest in fields with reduced inputs but only at sites where floral border crops were not present. Mean rice grain yield was lower across low‐input sites compared with high‐input sites and floral border crops had opposing effects across high‐ and low‐input sites. At low‐input sites, mean yields were 33% higher where floral border crops were present. At high‐input sites, the presence of floral border crops was correlated with a lower mean yield (16%). These findings show that ecological intensification practices can benefit smallholder crop systems but highlight the need to account for variations in landscape context and local management practices for developing effective sustainable management practices.