The prototype effect in recognition memory: intact in autism?
The prototype effect in recognition memory: intact in autism?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00383.x
复制
发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Hampton James, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Molesworth, CJ;Bowler, DM;Hampton James, A
背景：自闭症的分类表现有两种说法：原型形成存在障碍(Klinger&Dawson，2001)和刺激之间共有的加工特征存在障碍(Plaisted，O‘Riordan，&Baron-Cohen，1998)。这些描述与中心连贯理论(Frith，1989；Frith&Happe，1994)一起，暗示了自闭症中原型效应的减少或缺失。方法：自闭症或阿斯伯格综合征儿童(n=15)与正常发育儿童(n=15)在年龄、性别和言语心理年龄上匹配，完成一项图片识别任务(实验1)。这些参与者还研究了具有基于杨格(1985)刺激的平均原型结构(实验2)或基于Hayes和Taplin(1993 B)刺激的模式结构(实验3)的卡通动物的类别。在研究阶段之后，参与者完成了识别测试，测试包括原型和其他与原型有不同程度相似程度的样本。结果：两组受试者的再认记忆均完好无损(实验1)，实验2和实验3均观察到完整的原型效应。结论：本研究不支持孤独症原型效应受损的预测。讨论的重点是这些研究与那些支持自闭症患者中枢连贯性、原型形成和共同特征加工受损的说法的主要方法论差异。
Background: There are two accounts of categorization performance in autism: that there is an impairment in prototype formation (Klinger & Dawson, 2001) and that there is an impairment in processing features held in common between stimuli (Plaisted, O'Riordan, & Baron-Cohen, 1998). These accounts, together with central coherence theory ( Frith, 1989; Frith & Happe, 1994), imply a reduced or absent prototype effect in autism. Method: Children with autism or Asperger syndrome ( n = 15) matched on age, gender, and verbal mental age with typically developing children ( n = 15) completed a picture recognition task ( Experiment 1). These participants also studied categories of cartoon animals possessing either an average prototype structure ( Experiment 2) based on Younger's ( 1985) stimuli or a modal structure ( Experiment 3) based on Hayes and Taplin's (1993b) stimuli. Following the study phases, participants completed recognition tests comprising prototypes and other exemplars with varying degrees of similarity to the prototypes. Results: For both participant groups, recognition memory appeared intact ( Experiment 1) and a full prototype effect in recognition memory was observed in both Experiment 2 and Experiment 3. Conclusions: The present studies fail to support predictions of impaired prototype effects in autism. The discussion focuses on key methodological differences between these studies and those that support claims that central coherence, prototype formation, and common feature processing are impaired in autism.