Irrigation Before Development: Indigenous and Induced Change in Agricultural Water Management in East Africa
Irrigation Before Development: Indigenous and Induced Change in Agricultural Water Management in East Africa
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发展之前的灌溉：东非农业用水管理的本土和诱发变化
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098088
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
David M. Anderson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
William M. Admas;David M. Anderson
1970年代和1980年代非洲半干旱地区的干旱使灌溉问题成为各国政府和国际发展机构议程上的优先事项。l这种对灌溉的兴趣并不是什么新鲜事，因为灌溉在殖民地时期的农学家和现在的农学家一样，都是高度关注的问题，而且往往带有明显的讽刺意味，因此，在英属非洲，苏丹在盖济拉计划3和其他地方4中对粮食和商品生产进行灌溉的经验建立在印度世纪的经验基础上。灌溉同时是可能的、可取的和有效的这一想法似乎在本世纪初在英属非洲已经确立，从英国殖民世界的较高地区蔓延到较低地区。然而，对灌溉的热情并没有受到大都市殖民文化的限制。尼日尔政府在非洲东方弗兰盖的尼日尔内陆三角洲开发了广泛的灌溉，而在坦噶尼喀，德国科隆尼亚经济委员会早在1910年就调查了灌溉维多利亚湖东南部温贝尔草原数千公顷的可行性。在整个殖民地非洲，在各种各样的情况下都提出了灌溉计划。
THE DROUGHTS in semi-arid areas of Africa in the 1970s and 1980s have placed irrigation high on the agenda of national governments and international development agencies alike.l This interest in irrigation is not by any means new, for irrigation ranked as high in the concerns of agriculturalists of the colonial period as it does for their latter-day counterparts now known, often with conscious irony, as sexperts'.2 Thus, in British Africa, the Sudanese experience with irrigation in food and commmodity production in the Gezira Scheme3 and elsewhere4 built upon a century of experience in India.5 The idea that irrigation was at the same time possible, desirable and effective seems to have become established in British Africa by early this century, having trickled down from the more elevated to the more humble reaches of the British colonial world. However, enthusiasm for irrigation was not restricted by metropolitan colonial culture. Extensive irrigation was developed by the O.gce du Niger in the Niger Inland Delta of Afrique Oriental Frangais, while in Tanganika the German Kolonial Wirtschaftlisches Komittee investigated the feasibility of irrigating several thousand hectares of the Wembere Steppe southeast of Lake Victoria as early as 1910.6 Colonial expectations of irrigation potential were often high, and irrigation schemes were proposed in a wide range of situations throughout colonial Africa.