Comparison of chemical reactions in liquid lithium with those in liquid sodium
Comparison of chemical reactions in liquid lithium with those in liquid sodium
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DOI：
10.1016/0022-3115(83)90315-x
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发表时间：
1983-04
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
R. J. Pulham;P. Hubberstey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. J. Pulham;P. Hubberstey
比较了液态锂和液态钠的化学性质，这些化学性质与液态金属在聚变和裂变反应堆中的应用有关。液体溶解金属和非金属：过渡金属的溶解度通过溶解的非金属（例如氮和氧）的存在而增强，这在锂被氮污染的情况下最为明显，其中增强的溶解度伴随着稳定的三元氮化物（例如Li 3 FeN 2）的存在。比较了氢、碳、氮、氧等非金属离子在液态金属中的溶解度，讨论了NaOH、Li2CO3等多原子阴离子盐在液态金属中的溶解度。化学反应在实验室中进行，通常采用压力和电阻率技术，最近采用电化学电池。反应可任意分为非金属与非金属、非金属与溶解金属、非金属与固体过渡金属。在这些标题下，反应表示为：15 Li 3 N+ Li 22 Si 5→ 5 Li 5 SiN 3+ 42 Li in Li 4 Li 3 N+ Li 2 C 2→ 2 Li 2 NCN+ 10 Li in Li 2“Na 3 N”+ Na 2 C 2→ 2 NaCN+ 6 Na in Na 4 Ba 2 N+ BaC 2→ 2 BaNCN+ 7 Ba in Na 2 C+ 2 Li（或Ba）→ Li 2 C 2（或BaC 2）在钠2 N+ 6 Li（或4 Ba）→ 2 Li 3 N中（或2Ba2N）在钠中2Li3N + Fe→ Li3FeN2 + 3Li在锂中5Li3N + Cr→ Li9CrN5 + 6Li在锂中3Na2O + Fe→ Na4FeO3 + 2Na在钠中2Na2O + Cr→ NaCrO2 + 3钠中的钠提出了锂和钠中不同行为的原因。
A comparison is made of the chemical properties of liquid lithium and of liquid sodium which are relevant to the use of the liquid metals in fusion and fission reactors. The liquids dissolve both metals and non-metals: the solubility of transition metals is enhanced by the presence of dissolved non-metals, eg nitrogen and oxygen, and this is most obvious in the case of lithium contaminated with nitrogen where the enhanced solubility is accompanied by the existence of stable ternary nitrides, eg Li 3 FeN 2. The solubilities of selected non-metals, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, in the liquid metals are compared, and the fate of salts with polyatomic anions, eg NaOH, Li 2 CO 3, is discussed. Chemical reactions are followed in the laboratory, often by pressure and electrical resistivity techniques, and more recently by electrochemical cells. The reactions can be divided arbitrarily into non-metal with non-metal, non-metal with dissolved metal, and non-metal with solid transition metal. Under these headings, the reactions are represented by: 15 Li 3 N+ Li 22 Si 5→ 5 Li 5 SiN 3+ 42 Li in lithium 4 Li 3 N+ Li 2 C 2→ 2 Li 2 NCN+ 10 Li in lithium 2 “Na 3 N”+ Na 2 C 2→ 2 NaCN+ 6 Na in sodium 4 Ba 2 N+ BaC 2→ 2 BaNCN+ 7 Ba in sodium 2 C+ 2 Li (or Ba)→ Li 2 C 2 (or BaC 2) in sodium 2 N+ 6 Li (or 4 Ba)→ 2 Li 3 N (or 2 Ba 2 N) in sodium 2 Li 3 N+ Fe→ Li 3 FeN 2+ 3 Li in lithium 5 Li 3 N+ Cr→ Li 9 CrN 5+ 6 Li in lithium 3 Na 2 O+ Fe→ Na 4 FeO 3+ 2 Na in sodium 2 Na 2 O+ Cr→ NaCrO 2+ 3 Na in sodium Reasons are suggested for the different behaviour in lithium and in sodium.