A numerical exploration of hyporheic zone solute transport behavior estimated from electrical resistivity inversions

A numerical exploration of hyporheic zone solute transport behavior estimated from electrical resistivity inversions
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通过电阻率反演估计的潜流带溶质输运行为的数值探索

DOI:
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129577
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
6.4
通讯作者:
Singha, Kamini
Singha, Kamini
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zhang, Xiaolang;Sawyer, Audrey H.;Singha, Kamini

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越来越多的研究将盐水示踪剂注射与延时电阻率(ER)测量相结合,以探索地下带内的溶质交换。关于隐隐带电磁测量的可靠性和分辨率很少讨论。在这里,我们使用数值模拟方法来评估在不同的合成场景下,ER成像如何解决下渗区生理盐水示踪剂浓度的变化。我们建立了一个三维合成流及其周围的暗潜区,并求解了多孔流体流动和溶质输运的耦合方程。然后,我们求解电极间电流的三维传导,生成合成的延时电阻抗测量,并对模拟电阻进行反演,得到垂直于电流流的二维体电导率(σ b)图像,并将其与已知的合成σ b场进行比较。反演中的σ b场一般能捕捉到模拟σ b场的形状,但在反演过程中会产生平滑和伪影。因此,计算的示踪羽截面积是不准确的。在流体下方的反演像元处,反演σ b突破曲线的精度与合成“真值”相比,随流体大小、像元深度以及注入时间的不同而不同。与合成的“真相”相比,流下这些像素突破曲线的尾部一直被低估,即逆温中的σ b似乎更快地返回到背景中,要快一到六个小时。平均体视电导率的时间序列不需要反演,并且在反演中比体电导率突破曲线在单个像素处更好地捕捉到残留的盐水示踪剂。
An increasing number of studies have combined saline tracer injections with time-lapse electrical resistivity (ER) surveys to explore solute exchange within the hyporheic zone. The reliability and resolution of ER surveys of the hyporheic zone are rarely discussed. Here, we use a numerical modeling approach to assess how ER imaging resolves changes in saline tracer concentration within the hyporheic zone given different synthetic scenarios. We create a 3-D synthetic stream and surrounding hyporheic zone with an ER electrode transect and solve the coupled equations for porous fluid flow and solute transport. Then, we solve for the 3-D conduction of current between electrodes to create synthetic time-lapse ER surveys and invert the simulated resistances to obtain 2-D bulk electrical conductivity (σ b) images perpendicular to the stream, which we compare with the known synthetic σ b fields. The σ b fields in the inversion generally capture the shape of the simulated σ b fields, but with smoothing and artifacts as a function of the inversion process. Consequently, the calculated cross-sectional area of tracer plume is inaccurate. At inversion pixels beneath the stream, the accuracy of the inverted σ b breakthrough curves when compared to the synthetic “truth” varies with stream size, pixel depth, and to a lesser extent injection time. The tails of these pixel breakthrough curves beneath the stream are consistently underestimated compared to the synthetic “truth,” ie, σ b in the inversions appear to return to background faster by one to six hours. The time series of average apparent bulk electrical conductivity requires no inversion and captures lingering saline tracer better than bulk EC breakthrough curves at individual pixels in the inversions.
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