The Mursi and the elephant question.
The Mursi and the elephant question.
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穆尔西和大象的问题。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Colchester
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Turton;D. Chatty;M. Colchester
在过去的几年里，呼吁“社区参与”保护项目的呼声已经发展到了这样的程度，几乎已经成为当前的正统观念，以及对农村发展项目的参与和“自下而上”的规划和管理的类似呼吁(IIED，1994；Pimbert and Pretty，1995；以及其中的许多参考文献)。这种转变的原因既有生物和经济方面的原因，也有道德和政治方面的原因。这种方法将当地人视为有效管理自然资源的障碍。首先，由于几乎所有现有的生态系统都是人类利用和干扰的结果，人为地排除这种干扰存在减少生物多样性而不是保护生物多样性的风险(Hobbs和Huenneke，1992，第324页，Pimbert和Pretty，1995，第21页)。其次，不仅试图将人类活动排除在保护区之外的技术和后勤成本非常高，而且这种努力几乎肯定会失败。它们将使当地人口远离保护目标，因此需要不断增加的、长期来看不可持续的警务活动投资水平。
The call for 'community participation' in conservation projects has grown to such an extent over the past few years that it has virtually become current orthodoxy, along with similar calls for participation and 'bottom-up' planning and management in rural development projects (IIED, 1994; Pimbert and Pretty, 1995; and numerous references therein). The reasons for this turning away from a 'preservationist' approach, which sees local people as an obstacle to effective natural resource management, are as much biological and economic as they are moral and political. Firstly, since virtually all existing eco-systems are a function of human use and disturbance, artificially to exclude such disturbance runs the risk of reducing biodiversity rather than preserving it (Hobbs and Huenneke, 1992, p. 324, cited by Pimbert and Pretty, 1995, p. 21). Secondly, not only are the technical and logistical costs of attempting to exclude human activity from protected areas very high but such efforts are almost certain to fail. They will alienate the local population from conservation objectives and thus require an ever-increasing and, in the long-run, unsustainable level of investment in policing activities.