Cities in global capitalism
Cities in global capitalism
复制标题
全球资本主义中的城市
DOI：
10.1080/00343404.2019.1565158
复制
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Ferrazzi D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferrazzi D
在《全球资本主义中的城市》一书中，乌戈·罗西的目标是通过回答“为什么城市和资本主义的命运在全球化时代变得如此不可分割？”来阐述城市对当代世界“全球资本主义”多方面体验的核心贡献。从一开始，很明显，罗西认为，这个问题的答案在于城市和资本主义之间存在的深刻和互惠的关系(第5页)。不可否认，在最基本的层面上，城市已经并将继续为资本主义和资本主义理想的传播提供环境。然而，罗西在这本书的五个章节中广泛论述的不仅是这些资本是如何渗入到调节生产方式和资本再投资的机制中的，而且是如何渗入到“生活本身”中的。对罗西来说，城市-资本主义关系的当前维度是可以通过福柯学派关于“现在的历史”的观点来理解的(第14页)。因此，他认为，他的思想必须立足于当前正在展开的事件，同时考虑它们的发展和过去的历史。在五章中，罗西熟练地向读者介绍了资本主义的发展，以及它对这座城市现在社会经济和文化生活方面的影响，批判性地评估了它的历史过去和现在，以及与更传统的学术特征的传统里程碑之间的关系。在第一章中，这是从讨论这座新生的中世纪城市中财政权力、企业家精神和认知资本的紧急情况开始的。这些被强调为城市-资本主义关系基础上的培育力量。金融化直接源于阿里吉的著作，是一股“渗透到越来越多的社会生活领域”的力量(第31页)，为资本主义逻辑的蓬勃发展创造了条件。随之而来的是，创业主义从以交易所为基础的经济的必需品，发展成为一种多种多样的野兽，为资本家的生活模式提供了必要的推动力，使之永久化。认知资本与资本的社会学功能和类型(S)没有什么不同，他强调了罗西为使机制合理化而发展的心态，以及当代社会中资本主义的功能。第二章通过总结资本主义的“全球”和“全球焦点”的发展来扩展这一讨论，作为对战后事件和学术的反应。这篇文献中讨论的规模问题对于理解金融资本及其权力集中在世界上少数城市和参与者手中的权力失衡特别相关。这种不平衡随后成为解开以下章节的关键，以及资本主义的同质化和包罗万象的影响。
With Cities in Global Capitalism, Ugo Rossi aims to address the central contribution of cities to the multifaceted experience of ‘global capitalism’in the contemporary world by providing an answer to ‘why have the fates of cities and capitalism become so inextricable in times of globalization?’(p. 2). From the outset, it is clear that Rossi believes that the answer to this lies in the deep and the mutually beneficial relationship that exists between the city and capitalism (p. 5). It is undeniable how, at the most basic level, cities have and continue to provide the context for capitalism and capitalist ideals to propagate. What Rossi extensively argues through the five chapters of the book is, however, not only how these latter have infiltrated themselves in the mechanism regulating modes of production and re-investment of capital but also how they have permeated into ‘life itself’. To Rossi, the present dimensions of the city–capitalism nexus are understandable through the Foucauldian perspective of the ‘history of the present’(p. 14). He suggests it is therefore imperative to ground his thinking in the unfolding events of the present, whilst considering their development and their past history. Over the five chapters, Rossi expertly navigates the reader through the development of capitalism, and its effect on the present socioeconomic and cultural aspects of life in the city, critically evaluating its historical past and present, with relation to the traditional milestones that have characterized more traditional scholarship.In the first chapter, this begins with the discussion of the emergency of financial power, entrepreneurialism and cognitive capital in the new-born medieval city. These are highlighted as the nurturing forces at the basis of the city–capitalism nexus. Financialization, drawing directly from Arrighi’s work, is a force ‘pervading an ever-growing number of realms of social life’(p. 31), creating the conditions for capitalist logic to thrive. It follows that entrepreneurialism, from a necessity of exchange-based economies, developed into a polymorphic beasts providing the necessary thrust for capitalists modes of life to perpetuate. Cognitive capital, not differently from the sociological functions and typologies of capital (s), underlines for Rossi both the mentality, developed to rationalize the mechanisms, and the functioning of capitalism in contemporary societies. The second chapter extends this discussion through a summary of the development of a ‘global’and ‘planetary focus’ of capitalism, as a reaction to the post-war events and scholarship. The issue of scale discussed in this literature is particularly relevant to understand the imbalance of power where financial capital, and its power, are concentrated in the hands of few cities and actors through the world. This imbalance then becomes the key to the unpacking the following chapters, and the homogenizing and all-encompassing effects of capitalism.