Development of updating in working memory in 4–7-year-old children.
Development of updating in working memory in 4–7-year-old children.
复制标题
4-7 岁儿童工作记忆更新的发展。
DOI：
10.1037/dev0001337
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Kibbe, Melissa M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheng, Chen;Kibbe, Melissa M.
孩子们生活在一个动态的环境中，在这个环境中，物体不断地改变位置，进入和离开遮挡。因此，儿童必须依靠工作记忆来存储来自环境的信息，并随着环境的变化而更新这些存储的表征。先前的研究表明，在工作记忆中储存信息的能力在婴儿期和儿童期增强。然而，人们对更新存储信息的能力的发展知之甚少。参与者是63名4 - 7岁的儿童（37名女孩；34名照顾者完成了可选的人口统计表格，这些儿童被报告为亚洲[1]，亚洲/白人[4]，黑人[1]，中东/阿拉伯[1]，或白人bbb；两个是西班牙裔/拉丁裔）。我们要求孩子们记录一组隐藏的物品，这些物品要么留在原来隐藏的地方（静态试验），要么交换了位置（交换试验），然后从两种选择中识别出哪一种物品隐藏在特定的位置。为了研究增加存储和更新负载如何影响子节点的性能，我们操纵了数组中的项数和项交换位置的次数。我们发现，儿童更新工作记忆的能力在各个年龄段都有显著发展。更新似乎对工作记忆性能造成了重大的一次性成本，无论交换项目的次数如何。我们的研究结果为儿童早期工作记忆的储存和更新的发展轨迹提供了新的见解。
Children live in a dynamic environment, in which objects continually change locations and move into and out of occlusion. Children must therefore rely on working memory to store information from the environment and to update those stored representations as the environment changes. Previous work suggests that the ability to store information in working memory increases through infancy and childhood. However, less is known about the development of the ability to update stored information. Participants were 63 4–7-year-old children (37 girls; 34 caregivers completed optional demographic forms, and those children were reported as Asian [one], Asian/White [four], Black [one], Middle East/Arab [one], or White [27]; two were Hispanic/Latinx). We asked children to keep track of arrays of hidden items that either remained where they were hidden (static trials) or swapped locations (swap trials) and then to identify from two alternatives which item was hidden in a particular location. We manipulated the number of items in the arrays and the number of times the items swapped locations in order to investigate how increasing storage and updating load impacted children’s performance. We found that children’s ability to update working memory developed significantly across our age range. Updating appeared to impose a significant one-time cost to working memory performance, regardless of the number of times items swapped. Our results yield new insights into the developmental trajectories of storage and updating in working memory across early childhood.