Social Contact Structures and Time Use Patterns in the Manicaland Province of Zimbabwe
Social Contact Structures and Time Use Patterns in the Manicaland Province of Zimbabwe
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0170459
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发表时间：
2017-01-18
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Manfredi, Piero
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Melegaro, Alessia;Del Fava, Emanuele;Manfredi, Piero
BackgroundPatterns的人与人之间的接触传染病传播相关的量化仍然很差，在撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA），社会人口结构和行为态度，预计将是不同的，从那些较发达的countries.Methods and FindingsWe进行了一项基于日记的调查，在一个农村和一个城郊站点的马尼卡兰，津巴布韦的不同年龄的个人的日常接触和时间使用。共收集了2,490份日记，并用于推导年龄结构的接触矩阵，分析个人在不同环境中花费的时间，并确定个人混合模式的关键决定因素。据报告，每人/天总共有10.8次接触，城郊和农村地区之间有显著差异（11.6对10.2）。学龄儿童的接触具有很强的年龄依赖性，而大家庭的比例高和人口年龄结构年轻，导致老年人的代际混合现象严重。平均每天67%的时间在家里，2%在工作，9%在学校。积极参与学校和工作是联系人数量的主要驱动因素，同样，家庭规模，班级规模和工作时间分别影响家庭，学校和工作联系人的数量。我们发现，家庭接触者的异质性对流行病传播链至关重要。特别是，我们的研究结果表明，在初始阶段的流行病，约50%的感染预计将发生在12岁以下的个人和不到20%的个人年龄大于35 years.ConclusionsWith目前的工作，我们已经收集了数据和信息的方式，通过个人在SSA的互动，和主要促进这种互动的因素。监测这些过程对于切实预测干预措施对传染病动态的影响至关重要。
BackgroundPatterns of person-to-person contacts relevant for infectious diseases transmission are still poorly quantified in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where socio-demographic structures and behavioral attitudes are expected to be different from those of more developed countries.Methods and FindingsWe conducted a diary-based survey on daily contacts and time-use of individuals of different ages in one rural and one pen-urban site of Manicaland, Zimbabwe. A total of 2,490 diaries were collected and used to derive age-structured contact matrices, to analyze time spent by individuals in different settings, and to identify the key determinants of individuals' mixing patterns. Overall 10.8 contacts per person/day were reported, with a significant difference between the pen-urban and the rural site (11.6 versus 10.2). A strong age-assortativeness characterized contacts of school-aged children, whereas the high proportion of extended families and the young population age-structure led to a significant intergenerational mixing at older ages. Individuals spent on average 67% of daytime at home, 2% at work, and 9% at school. Active participation in school and work resulted the key drivers of the number of contacts and, similarly, household size, class size, and time spent at work influenced the number of home, school, and work contacts, respectively. We found that the heterogeneous nature of home contacts is critical for an epidemic transmission chain. In particular, our results suggest that, during the initial phase of an epidemic, about 50% of infections are expected to occur among individuals younger than 12 years and less than 20% among individuals older than 35 years.ConclusionsWith the current work, we have gathered data and information on the ways through which individuals in SSA interact, and on the factors that mostly facilitate this interaction. Monitoring these processes is critical to realistically predict the effects of interventions on infectious diseases dynamics.