[Study of the action of black stone (also known as snakestone or serpent stone) on experimental envenomation].
[Study of the action of black stone (also known as snakestone or serpent stone) on experimental envenomation].
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DOI：
10.1684/san.2007.0076
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发表时间：
2007-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Stock, Roberto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chippaux, Jean-Philippe;Diedhiou, Ismaila;Stock, Roberto
黑石自古以来就被用来治疗蛇咬伤和局部感染。它的功效是有争议的。由于尚未进行临床试验，我们在小鼠模型中进行了一系列体内和体外实验。根据Spearman-Karber法测定了不同批次的黄唇鱼（Bitisarietans）、眼药水（Echisocellatus）和黑颈眼镜蛇（Naja nigricollis）蛇毒的LD_（50）。首先，我们将固定致死量的毒液（LD 50的三倍）IM注射到五只小鼠的剃毛大腿上，并在0、15、30、60和180分钟的注射点用橡皮膏涂抹黑石头。在另一系列实验中，我们根据用于测量LD 50的相同方案向每组5只小鼠施用增加量的毒液;并在施用每种量的毒液后立即如上所述施用黑石。在第三个系列的实验中，我们将黑石粉碎成粉末，并将3 LD 50的每种毒液与增加量的粉末混合30分钟。离心后，将上清液注射到小鼠体内并测量死亡率。两个对照组（毒液单独和黑石单独）在所有情况下使用。通过测定乌石粉与蛇毒混合30 min后离心上清液中蛋白质残留量，评价乌石粉与蛇毒在体外的吸附作用。结果显示，在注射毒液后，将黑石涂抹在伤口上没有效果。然而，黑石粉末和毒液之间的直接接触确实降低了毒液的毒性，就好像黑石固定了毒液蛋白质并从接种物中去除了毒液。由此可见黑石的机械功效。然而，它在治疗毒液蛰入方面的疗效似乎非常值得怀疑，因为它是非常非特异性的，而且毒液从伤口迅速扩散。
Black stone has been used since Antiquity to treat snake bites and local infections. Its efficacy is debated. Since no clinical trial has been performed, we conducted a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments in a murine model. After determining the LD50 of batches of venoms of Bitis arietans, Echis ocellatus and Naja nigricollis according to the Spearman-Karber's method, we used four separate methods. First, we injected a fixed lethal amount of venom (triple the LD50) IM to the shaved thighs of lots of five mice and applied the black stone with an adhesive plaster at the point of injection at 0, 15, 30, 60 and 180 minutes. In another series of experiments, we administered increasing amounts of venom to each group of 5 mice according to the same protocol used to measure the LD50; and applied black stone as above, immediately after the administration of each amount of venom. In the third series of experiments, we reduced black stone to powder and mixed 3 LD50 of each venom with an increasing amount of powder for 30 minutes. After centrifugation, the supernatant was injected into mice and mortality measured. Two control groups (venom alone and black stone alone) were used in all the cases. Venom adsorption on black stone surface was assessed in vitro by measurement of residual proteins in supernatant after mixing black stone powder and venom for thirty minutes and centrifugation. The results showed the absence of effectiveness of the black stone when applied on wounds after venom injection. However, the direct contact between the black stone powder and the venom did reduce venom toxicity, as if black stone fixed venom proteins and removed the venom from the inoculum. The mechanical effectiveness of black stone can thus be shown. However, its efficacy in treating envenomation seemed very doubtful because of it is very nonspecific and because the venom diffuses rapidly from the wound.