1/f 2 Characteristics and isotropy in the fourier power spectra of visual art, cartoons, comics, mangas, and different categories of photographs.
1/f 2 Characteristics and isotropy in the fourier power spectra of visual art, cartoons, comics, mangas, and different categories of photographs.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0012268
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发表时间：
2010-08-19
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Redies C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koch M;Denzler J;Redies C
艺术图像和自然场景的共同之处是，它们的径向平均(一维)傅立叶谱功率随空间频率(1/f2特性)的增加而按幂规律下降，这意味着功率谱具有尺度不变性。在目前的研究中，我们发现，其他类别的人造形象，卡通和漫画小说(漫画和漫画)，也有类似的特性。进一步，我们将我们的研究扩展到二维功率谱。为了确定人造图像的傅里叶功率谱是否与其他类型的图像(自然景物、人脸、植物和科学插图的照片)的傅立叶功率谱不同，我们用主成分分析方法分析了它们的二维功率谱。结果表明，前15个主成分允许对不同的图像类别进行部分分离。通过分析从低到高的空间频率的平均功率和功率梯度的斜率是否在功率谱的不同方向上变化，更详细地研究了图像类别之间的差异。在现实世界的照片和艺术品中，平均功率通常在基本方向上更高，这两种类型的图像之间没有系统的差异。然而，在艺术图像、卡通和图形小说中，功率梯度的斜率显示出在光谱方向上的平均变异性程度较低(即更各向同性)，而在可比主题的照片中则是如此。综上所述，这些结果表明，艺术形象、卡通和图文小说在所有取向上都具有相对一致的1/f2特征。总而言之，被研究的人造刺激可能是为了唤起人类观察者愉快和/或愉快的视觉感知而产生的，它们构成了所有图像的子集，并在它们的傅立叶功率谱中共享统计特性。这些特性是否是诱导美感所必需的或足够的，还有待研究。
Art images and natural scenes have in common that their radially averaged (1D) Fourier spectral power falls according to a power-law with increasing spatial frequency (1/f2 characteristics), which implies that the power spectra have scale-invariant properties. In the present study, we show that other categories of man-made images, cartoons and graphic novels (comics and mangas), have similar properties. Further on, we extend our investigations to 2D power spectra. In order to determine whether the Fourier power spectra of man-made images differed from those of other categories of images (photographs of natural scenes, objects, faces and plants and scientific illustrations), we analyzed their 2D power spectra by principal component analysis. Results indicated that the first fifteen principal components allowed a partial separation of the different image categories. The differences between the image categories were studied in more detail by analyzing whether the mean power and the slope of the power gradients from low to high spatial frequencies varied across orientations in the power spectra. Mean power was generally higher in cardinal orientations both in real-world photographs and artworks, with no systematic difference between the two types of images. However, the slope of the power gradients showed a lower degree of mean variability across spectral orientations (i.e., more isotropy) in art images, cartoons and graphic novels than in photographs of comparable subject matters. Taken together, these results indicate that art images, cartoons and graphic novels possess relatively uniform 1/f2 characteristics across all orientations. In conclusion, the man-made stimuli studied, which were presumably produced to evoke pleasant and/or enjoyable visual perception in human observers, form a subset of all images and share statistical properties in their Fourier power spectra. Whether these properties are necessary or sufficient to induce aesthetic perception remains to be investigated.
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DOI：
10.1109/34.927464
发表时间：
2001-06-01
影响因子：
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作者：
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