Power, Identity, and Collective Action in Social Exchange
Power, Identity, and Collective Action in Social Exchange
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社会交换中的权力、身份和集体行动
DOI：
10.1353/sof.2004.0096
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
M. Macy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Simpson;M. Macy
我们的研究旨在将集体行动带回到社会交换中权力的结构性决定因素的研究中。以前的研究主要集中在交易所网络中的位置赋予不同的排斥风险的行为者的讨价还价能力。我们认为，结构性地位不仅影响议价能力，但也有能力的低权力的行动者组织对不平等的议价能力。我们假设，低权力的行为者之间的集体行动是促进与其他人谁是结构性弱势的认同。我们测试了两个身份理论的预期效用模型，指定如何在一个混合动机的联盟游戏中的演员可能会考虑到在结构上等同的位置，其他人的回报。在功利主义模型中，行动者最大限度地为最大数量的人带来最大的利益。在集体主义模式中，行动者也寻求最小化群体内的不平等。结果显示，女性参与者对功利主义模式有一定的支持，而男性和女性都强烈支持集体主义模式。我们推测性别差异的原因，并确定未来的交换理论研究的社会身份和社会嵌入的集体行动的方向。
Our research aims to bring collective action back into the study of structural determinants of power in social exchange. Previous research has focused primarily on the bargaining power of actors whose locations in exchange networks confer different risks of exclusion. We argue that structural position affects not only bargaining power but also the ability of low-power actors to organize against unequal bargaining power. We hypothesize that collective action among low-power actors is facilitated by identification with others who are structurally disadvantaged. We test two identity-theoretic expected utility models that specify how actors in a mixed-motive coalition game might take into account the payoffs to others in structurally equivalent positions. In the utilitarian model, actors maximize the greatest good to the greatest number. In the collectivist model, actors also seek to minimize in-group inequality. Results show some support for the utilitarian model among female participants and strong support for the collectivist model among both males and females. We speculate about causes of gender differences and identify directions for future exchange-theoretic research on social identity and socially embedded collective action.