Neighborhood mechanisms and the spatial dynamics of birth weight
Neighborhood mechanisms and the spatial dynamics of birth weight
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DOI：
10.1086/374405
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Morenoff, JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morenoff, JD
本研究通过对 342 个芝加哥社区内 101,662 名活产婴儿的出生体重进行多层次空间分析，解决了为什么社区环境对个人如此重要的两个问题。首先，邻里结构组成与健康相关的机制是什么？结果表明，与压力和适应相关的机制（暴力犯罪、互惠交换和参与当地志愿协会）是出生体重最有力的邻里级预测因素。其次，环境对健康的影响是否仅限于邻近地区，还是扩展到更广泛的地理环境？结果表明，即使在调整了潜在的混杂协变量之后，对出生体重的背景影响也会延伸到邻近地区以外的社会环境。这些发现表明，通过收集因果上更接近的社会过程的数据并考虑社区之间的空间相互依赖性，可以加强对“社区影响”对健康的理论理解和实证估计。
This study addresses two questions about why neighborhood contexts matter for individuals via a multilevel, spatial analysis of birth weight for 101,662 live births within 342 Chicago neighborhoods. First, what are the mechanisms through which neighborhood structural composition is related to health? The results show that mechanisms related to stress and adaptation (violent crime, reciprocal exchange and participation in local voluntary associations) are the most robust neighborhood-level predictors of birth weight. Second, are contextual influences on health limited to the immediate neighborhood or do they extend to a wider geographic context? The results show that contextual effects on birth weight extend to the social environment beyond the immediate neighborhood, even after adjusting for potentially confounding covariates. These findings suggest that the theoretical understanding and empirical estimation of "neighborhood effects" on health are bolstered by collecting data on more causally proximate social processes and by taking into account spatial interdependencies among neighborhoods.