[Prevalence and causes of blindness in the Tunisian Republic. Results of a national survey conducted in 1993. Tunisian Team on the Evaluation of Blindness].
[Prevalence and causes of blindness in the Tunisian Republic. Results of a national survey conducted in 1993. Tunisian Team on the Evaluation of Blindness].
复制标题
[突尼斯共和国失明的患病率和原因。
DOI：
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复制
发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Siddhom
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Ayed;A. Negrel;M. Nabli;N. Kamel;A.;M. Siddhom
旨在
估计视力障碍和失明的流行率;确定视力障碍和失明的主要原因，并估计其总体影响，特别是对白内障的影响。
方法
我们使用了基于人口的方法。选择了一个集群样本，根据人口规模从一个社区随机选择家庭数量。采用世界卫生组织建议的程序进行检查和数据收集。
结果
我们纳入了3，981人，其中3，547人接受了体检（89%参与）。抽样的结构与突尼斯人口的结构不同，抽样中有60岁以上的人。盲的粗患病率为1.2%（校正患病率为0.8%），双侧视力损害的粗患病率为3%（校正患病率为2%）。有225 000人视力严重受损，其中64 500人失明（包括2 100名15岁以下儿童），160 000人视力受损（包括8 700名儿童）。60岁以上的人失明的可能性是60岁以下的人的8倍，视力受损的可能性是6.7倍。白内障，尤其是与年龄相关的白内障，是致盲（66%）和双侧视力损害（54.6%）的主要原因。未矫正的无晶状体眼占本次调查中确定的视力缺陷的很大一部分（6.4%的失明病例和11.8%的双侧视力障碍病例）。1.7%的受检者（135，000人）接受了眼科手术，80，000人接受了白内障手术。只有41%的白内障患者接受了手术。因此，白内障手术的提供不足。
结论
在登记的失明病例中，约80%是可以预防或治疗的。制定适当的白内障致盲策略应能显著降低致盲率。
AIMS
to estimate the prevalence of visual impairment and blindness; to identify the major causes of visual impairment and blindness and to estimate their overall impact, particularly on cataracts.
METHODS
We used a population-based method. A cluster sample was selected, with the number of households randomly selected from a community depending on the size of the population. Examinations and data collection were carried out using the procedures recommended by the WHO.
RESULTS
We included 3,981 individuals, 3,547 of whom were given a medical examination (89% participation). The structure of the sample differed from that of the Tunisian population, with people over the age of 60 years over represented in the sample. The crude prevalence of blindness was 1.2% (adjusted prevalence 0.8%) and that for bilateral visual impairment was 3% (adjusted prevalence 2%). There were 225,000 individuals with severely impaired vision, of whom 64,500 were blind (including 2,100 children under the age of 15 years) and 160,000 were visually impaired (including 8,700 children). Individuals over the age of 60 were eight times more likely to become blind and 6.7 times more likely to suffer visual impairment than those below the age of 60. Cataracts, particularly associated with aging, were the main cause of blindness (66%) and bilateral visual impairment (54.6%). Uncorrected aphakia accounted for a significant fraction of the visual deficiencies identified in this survey (6.4% of cases of blindness and 11.8% of cases of bilateral visual impairment). 1.7% of the individuals examined (135,000 people) had ocular surgery and 80,000 had undergone surgery for cataracts. Only 41% of those individuals who had cataracts had undergone surgery. The provision of cataract surgery was therefore inadequate.
CONCLUSION
About 80% of the cases of blindness registered were preventable or treatable. The development of appropriate strategies for dealing with cataract blindness should significantly reduce the incidence of blindness.