Effects of forest practices on peak flows and consequent channel response: a state-of-science report for western Oregon and Washington.
Effects of forest practices on peak flows and consequent channel response: a state-of-science report for western Oregon and Washington.
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DOI：
10.2737/pnw-gtr-760
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Grant;S. Lewis;F. Swanson;J. Cissel;J. McDonnell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Grant;S. Lewis;F. Swanson;J. Cissel;J. McDonnell
这是对太平洋西北地区森林采伐活动对高峰流量和河道形态影响的最先进的综合研究，特别侧重于俄勒冈州西部和华盛顿州。我们开发了一个相关研究数据库，报告了雨、瞬态和雪占主导地位的水文带的峰值流量数据，并提供了一系列流量和森林实践中峰值流量变化的定量比较。峰值流量的增加通常随着流域收获的百分比强度的减小和流量重现间隔的延长而减小。雨控区流域对峰值流量变化的敏感性低于瞬雪区流域；数据不足限制了对雪区的解释。如果存在，峰值水流对河道形态的影响应该仅限于河道坡度小于大约0.02，河床由砾石和更细的物质组成的河流。我们为管理者如何根据道路、流域排水效率和所采用的具体管理措施等因素评估峰值流量增加的潜在风险提供了指导。此处报告的数据所代表的森林采伐对太平洋西北地区峰值流量的影响程度，与对河流和流域的其他人为变化相比，相对较小。
This is a state-of-the-science synthesis of the effects of forest harvest activities on peak flows and channel morphology in the Pacific Northwest, with a specific focus on western Oregon and Washington. We develop a database of relevant studies reporting peak flow data across rain-, transient-, and snow-dominated hydrologic zones, and provide a quantitative comparison of changes in peak flow across both a range of flows and forest practices. Increases in peak flows generally diminish with decreasing intensity of percentage of watershed harvested and lengthening recurrence intervals of flow. Watersheds located in the rain-dominated zone appear to be less sensitive to peak flow changes than those in the transient snow zone; insufficient data limit interpretations for the snow zone. Where present, peak flow effects on channel morphology should be confined to stream reaches where channel gradients are less than approximately 0.02 and streambeds are composed of gravel and finer material. We provide guidance as to how managers might evaluate the potential risk of peak flow increases based on factors such as presence of roads, watershed drainage efficiency, and specific management treatments employed. The magnitude of effects of forest harvest on peak flows in the Pacific Northwest, as represented by the data reported here, are relatively minor in comparison to other anthropogenic changes to streams and watersheds.