Do Private Sustainability Standards Contribute to Poverty Alleviation ? A Comparison of Different Coffee Certification Schemes in Ethiopia
Do Private Sustainability Standards Contribute to Poverty Alleviation ? A Comparison of Different Coffee Certification Schemes in Ethiopia
复制标题
私人可持续发展标准有助于扶贫吗？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bioeconomics
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Mitiku;Y. D. Mey;J. Nyssen;M. Maertens;Bioeconomics
私营部门的可持续性标准正在农业食品部门迅速推广，在与发展中国家的贸易中尤为重要。在本文中，我们分析了可持续发展标准在埃塞俄比亚小农户咖啡行业的影响。我们以比较的方式看待公平贸易、有机和雨林联盟认证。我们使用的横截面调查数据，从427个咖啡农民的样本在埃塞俄比亚的吉玛和卡法区，所有抽样农民的咖啡合作社的成员。我们分析了不同标准的认证对贫困、收入、产量和农场价格的影响，以揭示可能的减贫效应的渠道。我们使用logit，tobit和OLS回归模型，并试图控制合作水平的异质性。我们发现，雨林联盟认证提高了72%的农村收入，减少了25%和31%的贫困发生率和深度分别，而公平贸易和有机认证没有效果。我们发现，雨林联盟的积极影响主要来自于对生产者价格的较大影响，抵消了对产量的负面影响。此外，公平贸易认证会导致生产者价格上涨，但幅度远小于雨林联盟，而且价格效应不会对农民收入和减贫产生全面影响。
Private sustainability standards are spreading rapidly in the agri-food sector and are especially important in trade with developing countries. In this paper we analyze the impact of sustainability standards in the smallholder coffee sector in Ethiopia. We look at Fairtrade, Organic and Rainforest Alliance certification in a comparative way. We use cross-sectional survey data from a sample of 427 coffee farmers in the Jimma and Kaffa zones of Ethiopia, with all sampled farmers being member of a coffee cooperative. We analyze the impact of certification to different standards on poverty, income, yield and farm-gate prices in order to unravel the channels of possible poverty-reducing effects. We use logit, tobit and OLS regression models and attempt to control for cooperative-level heterogeneity. We find that Rainforest Alliance certification improves rural income by 72% and reduces the incidence and depth of poverty by 25% and 31% respectively while Fairtrade and Organic certification have no effect. We find that the positive effect of Rainforest Alliance mainly comes from a large impact on producer prices that offsets a negative impact on yields. Also, Fairtrade certification is found to lead to higher producer prices, but to a much smaller extent than Rainforest Alliance, and the price effect does not lead to an overall effect on farmers’ income and poverty reduction.