Fine-scale transition to lower bacterial diversity and altered community composition precedes shell disease in laboratory-reared juvenile American lobster
Fine-scale transition to lower bacterial diversity and altered community composition precedes shell disease in laboratory-reared juvenile American lobster
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DOI：
10.3354/dao03111
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发表时间：
2017-03-30
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Tlusty, Michael F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Feinman, Sarah G.;Martinez, Andrea Unzueta;Tlusty, Michael F.
美洲大龙虾支持着美国东北部和加拿大沿海地区宝贵的商业渔业；然而，龙虾活动范围南部的种群数量出现下降，部分原因是壳病的出现。动物外壳病是一种细菌引起的表皮侵蚀，即使是轻度感染的龙虾也会因其外观而无法销售，在更严重的情况下可能导致死亡。尽管这种疾病很重要，但相关的细菌群落尚未得到充分表征。我们对实验室饲养的2岁大的龙虾进行了采样，这些龙虾在疾病部位以及距离疾病部位0.5、1和1.5厘米处显示出外壳疾病的迹象，以确定细菌群落在这个精细的空间尺度上是如何变化的。Illumina 16S rRNA基因测序显示，在疾病部位有一个独特的细菌群落，与更远的采样位置相比，细菌多样性和丰富度显著降低。离发病部位0.5 cm的细菌群落组成也发生了变化，尽管该部位没有发病迹象，但细菌多样性和丰富度明显下降。鉴于疾病部位和离疾病部位0.5 cm的细菌群落的独特性，我们将这些群落称为受影响和过渡性的，并建议这些细菌，包括先前提出的病原体Aquimarina 'homaria，对于该实验室贝壳病模型的启动和进展很重要。
The American lobster Homarus americanus supports a valuable commercial fishery in the Northeastern USA and Maritime Canada; however, stocks in the southern portion of the lobster's range have shown declines, in part due to the emergence of shell disease. Epizootic shell disease is a bacterially induced cuticular erosion that renders even mildly affected lobsters unmarketable because of their appearance, and in more severe cases can cause mortality. Despite the importance of this disease, the associated bacterial communities have not yet been fully characterized. We sampled 2 yr old, laboratory-reared lobsters that displayed signs of shell disease at the site of disease as well as at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 cm away from the site of disease to determine how the bacterial community changed over this fine spatial scale. Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed a distinct bacterial community at the site of disease, with significant reductions in bacterial diversity and richness compared to more distant sampling locations. The bacterial community composition 0.5 cm from the site of disease was also altered, and there was an observable decrease in bacterial diversity and richness, even though there were no signs of disease at that location. Given the distinctiveness of the bacterial community at the site of disease and 0.5 cm from the site of disease, we refer to these communities as affected and transitionary, and suggest that these bacteria, including the previously proposed causative agent, Aquimarina 'homaria', are important for the initiation and progression of this laboratory model of shell disease.