Exxon Valdez to Deepwater Horizon: Comparable toxicity of both crude oils to fish early life stages
Exxon Valdez to Deepwater Horizon: Comparable toxicity of both crude oils to fish early life stages
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.08.011
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发表时间：
2013-10-15
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Scholz, Nathaniel L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Incardona, John P.;Swarts, Tanya L.;Scholz, Nathaniel L.
2010年发生在墨西哥湾的深水地平线灾难是美国历史上最大的漏油事件。原油对发育中的鱼类胚胎具有高度毒性，在密西西比峡谷252(MC252)受损井口(4月至7月)被围堵之前的几个月里，许多中上层鱼类物种在墨西哥湾北部产卵。美国之前最大的漏油事件是1989年埃克森-瓦尔迪兹号搁浅，当时有1100万加仑的阿拉斯加北坡原油(Ansco)泄漏到威廉王子湾。埃克森-瓦尔迪兹漏油事件后的大量研究确定了鱼类早期生命阶段的传统原油伤害表型，主要是通过对发育中的心脏的记号来调节的。为了确定这种类型的伤害是否延伸到暴露在深水地平线MC252事件原油中的鱼类，我们使用斑马鱼来比较Ansco与未风化和风化的MC252油的胚胎毒性。我们还制定了一项标准化方案，用于产生分散的油水调节馏分，其中含有的原油微滴的大小范围与墨西哥湾地下羽流中检测到的微滴相同。我们在这里表明，MC252油和Ansco在斑马鱼胚胎中引起类似的心脏毒性和光诱导毒性。形态缺陷和细胞色素P450的诱导模式在很大程度上是难以区分的，通常与每种油的多环芳烃(PAC)组成有关。对不同发育窗口期暴露的胚胎的分析为原油心脏毒性的机制提供了更多的见解。这些结果表明，MC252原油对鱼类胚胎和仔鱼的影响符合典型的ANSCO心脏损伤表型。因此，对于在“深水地平线”事件期间和之后在墨西哥湾北部产卵的那些海洋鱼类物种，现有文献可以作为潜在年度损失形式的自然资源损害评估资料。爱思唯尔出版公司(Elsevier B.V.)
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster in the Gulf of Mexico was the largest oil spill in United States history. Crude oils are highly toxic to developing fish embryos, and many pelagic fish species were spawning in the northern Gulf in the months before containment of the damaged Mississippi Canyon 252 (MC252) wellhead (April July). The largest prior U.S. spill was the 1989 grounding of the Exxon Valdez that released 11 million gallons of Alaska North Slope crude oil (ANSCO) into Prince William Sound. Numerous studies in the aftermath of the Exxon Valdez spill defined a conventional crude oil injury phenotype in fish early life stages, mediated primarily by tokicity to the developing heart. To determine whether this type of injury extends to fishes exposed to crude oil from the Deepwater Horizon MC252 incident, we used zebrafish to compare the embryotoxicity of ANSCO alongside unweathered and weathered MC252 oil. We also developed a standardized protocol for generating dispersed oil water-accommodated fractions containing microdroplets of crude oil in the size range of those detected in subsurface plumes in the Gulf. We show here that MC252 oil and ANSCO cause similar cardiotoxicity and photo-induced toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Morphological defects and patterns of cytochrome P450 induction were largely indistinguishable and generally correlated with polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) composition of each oil type. Analyses of embryos exposed during different developmental windows provided additional insight into mechanisms of crude oil cardiotoxicity. These findings indicate that the impacts of MC252 crude oil on fish embryos and larvae are consistent with the canonical ANSCO cardiac injury phenotype. For those marine fish species that spawned in the northern Gulf of Mexico during and after the Deepwater Horizon incident, the established literature can therefore inform the assessment of natural resource injury in the form of potential year-class losses. Published by Elsevier B.V.