Optimal replacement of residential air conditioning equipment to minimize energy, greenhouse gas emissions, and consumer cost in the US
Optimal replacement of residential air conditioning equipment to minimize energy, greenhouse gas emissions, and consumer cost in the US
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住宅空调设备的最佳更换，以最大限度地减少美国的能源、温室气体排放和消费者成本
DOI：
10.1016/j.enpol.2011.02.065
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
J. Kelly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Kleine;G. Keoleian;J. Kelly
对住宅中央空调（CAC）的更换进行了生命周期优化，以确定最小化生命周期能耗、温室气体（GHG）排放和消费者成本三个独立目标的更换时间表。对密歇根州安阿伯和德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥的1985-2025年期间进行了分析。使用住宅CAC设备的年度销售加权效率，评估了潜在的运营节省和生产新的更高效设备的负担之间的权衡。每个目标的最佳更换时间表确定为每个位置和服务场景。一般而言，在一段时间内，最大限度地减少能源消耗需要频繁更换（4-12次更换），最大限度地减少温室气体需要较少的更换（2-5次更换），最大限度地减少成本需要最少的更换（1-3次更换）。对不同的联邦效率标准、地区标准和能源之星星星采购进行了情景分析，以量化每项政策的影响。例如，德克萨斯州的16 SEER区域标准表明，在2005年或之前执行CAC的最佳替代时，可将一次能源消耗减少13%，温室气体排放减少11%，或成本降低6-7%。研究结果还表明，适当的维修应该是一个更高的优先级比最佳的更换，以尽量减少环境负担。
A life cycle optimization of the replacement of residential central air conditioners (CACs) was conducted in order to identify replacement schedules that minimized three separate objectives: life cycle energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and consumer cost. The analysis was conducted for the time period of 1985–2025 for Ann Arbor, MI and San Antonio, TX. Using annual sales-weighted efficiencies of residential CAC equipment, the tradeoff between potential operational savings and the burdens of producing new, more efficient equipment was evaluated. The optimal replacement schedule for each objective was identified for each location and service scenario. In general, minimizing energy consumption required frequent replacement (4–12 replacements), minimizing GHG required fewer replacements (2–5 replacements), and minimizing cost required the fewest replacements (1–3 replacements) over the time horizon. Scenario analysis of different federal efficiency standards, regional standards, and Energy Star purchases were conducted to quantify each policy's impact. For example, a 16 SEER regional standard in Texas was shown to either reduce primary energy consumption 13%, GHGs emissions by 11%, or cost by 6–7% when performing optimal replacement of CACs from 2005 or before. The results also indicate that proper servicing should be a higher priority than optimal replacement to minimize environmental burdens.