Childhood adversity during the post‐apartheid transition and COVID ‐19 stress independently predict adult PTSD risk in urban S outh A frica: A biocultural analysis of the stress sensitization hypothesis
Childhood adversity during the post‐apartheid transition and COVID ‐19 stress independently predict adult PTSD risk in urban S outh A frica: A biocultural analysis of the stress sensitization hypothesis
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后种族隔离过渡期间的童年逆境和 COVID-19 压力可独立预测南非城市成人 PTSD 风险：压力敏化假说的生物文化分析
DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.24791
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kuzawa, Christopher W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kim, Andrew Wooyoung;Said Mohamed, Rihlat;Norris, Shane A.;Naicker, Sara;Richter, Linda M.;Kuzawa, Christopher W.
南非的COVID-19大流行给该国带来了新的社会逆境和心理健康威胁，预计三分之一的人在一生中的某个时候会出现精神疾病。科学家们认为，童年时期的心理压力和创伤可能会增加一个人对未来压力源的心理健康后果的脆弱性，这一过程被称为压力敏感化。这项前瞻性分析评估了南非儿童在生命的前18年经历的童年逆境，与后种族隔离过渡期相吻合，是否加剧了2019年冠状病毒（COVID-19）大流行期间经历的心理社会压力对心理健康的影响。2020-2021).材料和方法数据来自88名成年人，他们参加了在南非索韦托进行的纵向出生队列研究的随访研究。儿童期逆境和COVID-19心理社会压力被评估为成人PTSD风险的主要预测因素，并计算了儿童期逆境和COVID-19压力之间的相互作用项，以评估压力敏感化的潜在影响。更大的童年逆境和更高的COVID-19心理社会压力独立预测成年人更严重的创伤后应激障碍症状。报告童年逆境较大的成年人表现出COVID-19心理社会压力的PTSD症状无显著恶化。DiscussionThese results突出了我们样本中儿童创伤和COVID-19心理社会压力对心理健康的有害影响，并强调随着南非大流行的发展，需要更多和更容易获得的心理健康支持。
ObjectivesThe COVID‐19 pandemic in South Africa introduced new societal adversities and mental health threats in a country where one in three individuals are expected to develop a psychiatric condition sometime in their life. Scientists have suggested that psychosocial stress and trauma during childhood may increase one's vulnerability to the mental health consequences of future stressors—a process known as stress sensitization. This prospective analysis assessed whether childhood adversity experienced among South African children across the first 18 years of life, coinciding with the post‐apartheid transition, exacerbates the mental health impacts of psychosocial stress experienced during the 2019 coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic (ca. 2020–2021).Materials and MethodsData came from 88 adults who participated in a follow‐up study of a longitudinal birth cohort study in Soweto, South Africa. Childhood adversity and COVID‐19 psychosocial stress were assessed as primary predictors of adult PTSD risk, and an interaction term between childhood adversity and COVID‐19 stress was calculated to evaluate the potential effect of stress sensitization.ResultsFifty‐six percent of adults exhibited moderate‐to‐severe PTSD symptoms. Greater childhood adversity and higher COVID‐19 psychosocial stress independently predicted worse post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms in adults. Adults who reported greater childhood adversity exhibited non‐significantly worse PTSD symptoms from COVID‐19 psychosocial stress.DiscussionThese results highlight the deleterious mental health effects of both childhood trauma and COVID‐19 psychosocial stress in our sample and emphasize the need for greater and more accessible mental health support as the pandemic progresses in South Africa.