Tunable isolated attosecond X-ray pulses with gigawatt peak power from a free-electron laser
Tunable isolated attosecond X-ray pulses with gigawatt peak power from a free-electron laser
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DOI：
10.1038/s41566-019-0549-5
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
35
通讯作者：
Marangos, Jon P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duris, Joseph;Li, Siqi;Marangos, Jon P.
分子和固体中电子的量子力学运动发生在亚飞秒时间尺度上。因此，超快电子现象的研究需要生成短于 1 fs 且强度足够的激光脉冲，以便以高概率与目标相互作用。利用原子位点特异性探测这些动力学需要将亚飞秒脉冲扩展到软 X 射线光谱区域。在这里，我们报告了用 X 射线自由电子激光器产生孤立的软 X 射线阿秒脉冲。我们的源的脉冲能量比软 X 射线光谱区域中任何其他孤立阿秒脉冲源大数百万倍，峰值功率超过 100 GW。这种高强度、高光子能量和短脉冲持续时间的独特组合使得能够利用 X 射线非线性光谱和单粒子成像研究电子动力学，开启阿秒科学新时代的道路。峰值功率超过 100 GW 的超短 X 射线脉冲的产生为利用非线性光谱和单粒子成像研究电子动力学提供了新的机会。
The quantum-mechanical motion of electrons in molecules and solids occurs on the sub-femtosecond timescale. Consequently, the study of ultrafast electronic phenomena requires the generation of laser pulses shorter than 1 fs and of sufficient intensity to interact with their target with high probability. Probing these dynamics with atomic-site specificity requires the extension of sub-femtosecond pulses to the soft X-ray spectral region. Here, we report the generation of isolated soft X-ray attosecond pulses with an X-ray free-electron laser. Our source has a pulse energy that is millions of times larger than any other source of isolated attosecond pulses in the soft X-ray spectral region, with a peak power exceeding 100 GW. This unique combination of high intensity, high photon energy and short pulse duration enables the investigation of electron dynamics with X-ray nonlinear spectroscopy and single-particle imaging, unlocking a path towards a new era of attosecond science. The generation of ultrashort X-ray pulses with a peak power exceeding 100 GW offers new opportunities for studying electron dynamics with nonlinear spectroscopy and single-particle imaging.