Microbial Diversity in Archived Soils
Microbial Diversity in Archived Soils
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DOI：
10.1126/science.306.5697.813a
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发表时间：
2004-10
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Jan Dolfing;A. Vos;J. Bloem;P.A.I. Ehlert;Natalia Naumova;P. Kuikman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jan Dolfing;A. Vos;J. Bloem;P.A.I. Ehlert;Natalia Naumova;P. Kuikman
一个没有在最近的土壤特别部分中涉及的主题：最后的边界（6月11日，第100页）。1613-1637）是利用现代DNA分子技术研究存档土壤样品中微生物多样性的可能性。像英国、美国和瑞士等国的其他土壤研究机构一样，作为荷兰土壤肥力研究所的继承人，Alterra拥有一个土壤档案，在我们的案例中，有25万个样本，其中许多来自1879年的田间实验。大多数样本都有详细记录。我们从1940年开始的一项实验中选择了一系列从20世纪50年代到70年代的土壤样本，并分析了两个田间小区的时间序列，一个来自接受动物粪便的小区，另一个来自接受化肥的小区。采用16 S-变性梯度凝胶电泳（16 S-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis，PCR-DGGE）技术对土壤样品进行遗传多样性分析。从凝胶的密度分析和多元分析可以清楚地看出，施用粪肥的土壤的群落结构与未施用粪肥而仅施用矿物肥的土壤的群落结构不同（见[图][1]）。从这一结果和其他结果（[1][2]），我们得出结论，在干燥和储存超过50年的样品中检测土壤微生物群落组成的系统差异是可能的。这开辟了利用现有土壤档案中的历史材料来回答管理和环境变化对土壤微生物多样性的长期影响的可能性。! [图][3]从1940年以来接受过粪肥（棕色）或无机肥（绿色）的存档土壤样品中获得的DGGE凝胶的Pearson相关性分析。采样年份如图所示。1. 1. [][4] 1. J. Dolfing，2. A. Vos，3. J. Bloem，4. P. J. Kuikman，“Microbial diversity in archived agricultural soils：the past as a guide to the future（Alterra report 916，Alterra，Wageningen，the Netherlands，2004）（available at [www.alterra.wur.nl/Internet/Modules/pub/PDFFiles/Alterarappropten/AlterraRapport916.pdf][5]）. [1]：#F1 [2]：#ref-1 [3]：pending：yes [4]：#xref-ref-1-1“查看参考1。in text”[5]：http://www.alterra.wur.nl/Internet/Modules/pub/PDFFiles/Alterrarapporten/AlterraRapport916.pdf
A topic not covered in the recent special Section on Soils: The Final Frontier (11 June, pp. 1613–1637) is the possibility of using modern DNA-based molecular techniques to study microbial diversity in archived soil samples. Like other soil research institutes in countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, and Switzerland, Alterra, as heir to the Research Institute for Soil Fertility in the Netherlands, has a soils archive with, in our case, 250,000 samples, many of them from field experiments that date as far back as 1879. Most of the samples are well documented. We selected a series of soil samples from the 1950s to 1970s from an experiment that was initiated in 1940 and analyzed time series from two field plots, one from a plot that had received animal manure and another one from a plot that had received chemical fertilizer. Genetic diversity in the archived soil samples was analyzed with 16S-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) of the DNA extracted from the soil. From densitometric profiling and multivariate analysis of the gels, it was clear that the community structure of manure-amended soils is distinct from the community structure of the soil that had received no manure and only mineral fertilizer (see [figure][1]). From this and other results ([1][2]), we conclude that it is possible to detect systematic differences in soil microbial community composition in samples that have been dried and stored for more than 50 years. This opens up the possibility of using historic material in existing soil archives to answer questions on the long-term effects of management and environmental change on soil microbial diversity. ![Figure][3] Pearson correlation analysis of DGGE gels from archived soil samples that had received manure (brown) or inorganic fertilizer (green) since 1940. The year of sampling is as indicated. 1. 1.[↵][4] 1. J. Dolfing, 2. A. Vos, 3. J. Bloem, 4. P. J. Kuikman , “Microbial diversity in archived agricultural soils: the past as a guide to the future (Alterra report 916, Alterra, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 2004) (available at [www.alterra.wur.nl/Internet/Modules/pub/PDFFiles/Alterrarapporten/AlterraRapport916.pdf][5]). [1]: #F1 [2]: #ref-1 [3]: pending:yes [4]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1. in text" [5]: http://www.alterra.wur.nl/Internet/Modules/pub/PDFFiles/Alterrarapporten/AlterraRapport916.pdf