Evaluation of Multiple Precipitation Sensor Designs for Precipitation Rate and Depth, Drop Size and Velocity Distribution, and Precipitation Type

Evaluation of Multiple Precipitation Sensor Designs for Precipitation Rate and Depth, Drop Size and Velocity Distribution, and Precipitation Type
复制标题

评估多种降水传感器设计的降水速率和深度、液滴尺寸和速度分布以及降水类型

DOI:
10.1175/jhm-d-20-0094.1
复制
发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Pickering B
Pickering B
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pickering B

文献摘要

参考文献

被引文献

相似文献

降水率/深度,液滴尺寸分布,液滴速度分布和降水类型的观察进行比较,从6个原位降水传感器设计超过12个月,以评估其性能,并为未来的设计和部署提供一个基准。所考虑的设计有翻斗(TBR)、液滴计数(RAL)、声学(JWD)、光学(LPM)、带电容器的单角度流量计(PWD 21)和双角度流量计(PWS 100)。在研究期间的多个时间分辨率的降水率进行了比较,而下降的大小和速度分布的情况下,在稳定的降水率进行了比较。为了检验降水类型,引入并应用了一种新的指标和逻辑算法来合并连续的降水类型观测值。总体而言,展开工具的选择取决于用途。对于快速响应(小于15分钟),不应使用PWD 21和TBR。随着降水率或样本持续时间的增加,TBR与大多数其他仪器的相关性增加。然而,PWD 21始终低估了降水量。对于12个月的降水深度,RAL、PWS 100和JWD在±15%以内。所有仪器在观测不同降水率的液滴大小和速度分布的能力方面都不一致。降水类型估计的仪器之间的一致性较低。PWD 21和PWS 100很少报告某些降水类型,但LPM报告的范围更广。气象站应使用几种仪器设计,以实现冗余,并更准确地捕捉降水特征。
Observations of the precipitation rate/depth, drop size distribution, drop velocity distribution, and precipitation type are compared from six in situ precipitation sensor designs over 12 months to assess their performance and provide a benchmark for future design and deployment. The designs considered are tipping bucket (TBR), drop counting (RAL), acoustic (JWD), optical (LPM), single-angle visiometer with capacitor (PWD21), and dual-angle visiometer (PWS100). Precipitation rates are compared for multiple time resolutions over the study period, while drop size and velocity distributions are compared with cases at stable precipitation rates. To examine precipitation type, a new index and a logic algorithm to amalgamate consecutive precipitation type observations consistently is introduced and applied. Overall, the choice of instrument for deployment depends on the usage. For fast response (less than 15 min), the PWD21 and TBR should not be used. As precipitation rate or the duration of a sample increases, the correlation of the TBR with the majority of other instruments increases. However, the PWD21 consistently underestimates precipitation. The RAL, PWS100, and JWD are within ±15% for precipitation depth over 12 months. All instruments are inconsistent in their ability to observe drop size and velocity distributions for differing precipitation rates. There is low agreement between the instruments for precipitation type estimation. The PWD21 and PWS100 rarely report some precipitation types, but the LPM reports more broadly. Meteorological stations should use several instrument designs for redundancy and to more accurately capture precipitation characteristics.
从测距仪数据估计雷达变量的采样问题
DOI: --
发表时间: 2015
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
Paul L. Smith
通讯作者: Paul L. Smith
DOI: --
发表时间: 1954
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
M. P. Langleben
通讯作者: M. P. Langleben
DOI: --
发表时间: 2017
期刊: 2017 Advances in Wireless and Optical Communications (RTUWO)
影响因子: --
作者:
Lai Thi Van Quyen;N. M. Thang;Nguyen Hong Vu;Nguyen The Truyen;D. Kiesewetter
通讯作者: D. Kiesewetter
DOI: --
发表时间: 2011
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
E. Saltikoff;L. Nevvonen
通讯作者: L. Nevvonen
冰雹的多波长雷达反射率
DOI: --
发表时间: 1961
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
D. Atlas;F. Ludlam
通讯作者: F. Ludlam