The sustainability of shared mobility: Can a platform for shared rides reduce motorized traffic in cities?
The sustainability of shared mobility: Can a platform for shared rides reduce motorized traffic in cities?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.trc.2020.102707
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发表时间：
2020-08-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Antoniou, Constantinos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tirachini, Alejandro;Chaniotakis, Emmanouil;Antoniou, Constantinos
在几个城市的研究表明，考虑到更可持续的方式的替代和空公里的增加，顺风车(叫车)可能会增加交通和拥堵。另一方面，几乎没有证据表明，针对共享乘车的智能手机应用程序对降低流量水平有任何影响。我们研究了墨西哥城一家名为Jetty的初创公司提供的共享出行服务的效果，旅行者可以使用该服务预订汽车、面包车或公共汽车的共享乘车服务。进行了大规模的用户调查，以研究Jetty用户的出行特征、使用该平台的原因以及用户的一般出行选择。我们计算每个行程段的旅行距离，针对当前的选择和如果站台不可用时乘客可能会选择的模式。研究发现，站台对车辆行驶里程(VKT)的影响取决于车队引入的空里率、公共和私人交通方式的替代率、码头车辆的占有率以及对替代方式占有率的假设。根据对没有数据的变量的敏感性分析方法，我们估计在我们首选的情景下，汽车共享乘车增加VKT(在7到10公里/乘客的范围内)，共享面包车能够降低VKT(大约-0.2到-1.1公里/乘客)，而公共汽车估计增加VKT(0.4到1.1公里/乘客)。这些结果源于每辆车的入住率(更大的车辆被更多的人共享)和这项服务对汽车用户的吸引力(共享面包车吸引的汽车司机比通过Jetty预订的公交车更多)之间的权衡。我们的发现表明，在城市未来的机动性方面，面包车等大型车辆的共享出行与低占有率汽车服务具有相关性，并通过纳入新的共享出行服务提供的质量属性来改善公共交通服务。
Studies in several cities indicate that ridesourcing (ride-hailing) may increase traffic and congestion, given the substitution of more sustainable modes and the addition of empty kilometers. On the other hand, there is little evidence if smartphone apps that target shared rides have any influence on reducing traffic levels. We study the effects of a shared-mobility service offered by a start-up in Mexico City, Jetty, which is used by travelers to book a shared ride in a car, van or bus. A large-scale user survey was conducted to study trip characteristics, reasons for using the platform and the general travel choices of Jetty users. We calculate travel distance per trip leg, for the current choices and for the modes that riders would have chosen if the platform was not available. We find that the effect of the platform on vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) depends on the rate of empty kilometers introduced by the fleet of vehicles, the substitution of public versus private transport modes, the occupancy rate of Jetty vehicles and assumptions on the occupancy rate of substituted modes. Following a sensitivity analysis approach for variables with unavailable data, we estimate that shared rides in cars increase VKT (in the range of 7 to 10 km/passenger), shared vans are able to decrease VKT (around -0.2 to -1.1 km/passenger), whereas buses are estimated to increase VKT (0.4 to 1.1 km/passenger), in our preferred scenarios. These results stem from the tradeoff between the effects of the occupancy rates per vehicle (larger vehicles are shared by more people) and the attractiveness of the service for car users (shared vans attract more car drivers than buses booked through Jetty). Our findings point to the relevance of shared rides in bigger vehicles such as vans as competitors to low occupancy car services for the future of mobility in cities, and to the improvement of public transportation services through the inclusion of quality attributes as provided by new shared-mobility services.