Landscape resource management for sustainable crop intensification
Landscape resource management for sustainable crop intensification
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DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/ac413a
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发表时间：
2022-01-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Dixit, Sreenath
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anantha, K. H.;Garg, Kaushal K.;Dixit, Sreenath
为了满足日益增长的人口的粮食需求，需要进行作物集约化。本文介绍了三个配对的规模扩大的举措，以比较的好处，基于生态系统的干预措施，个人地块水平的干预措施，使用在印度半干旱热带地区产生的证据。按照以土地为基础的办法，以分散的方式实施了一系列水土保持干预措施。地块一级的方法仅侧重于平衡施肥和改良作物品种，而基于土壤的干预措施主要解决水分供应问题，这是降低作物歉收风险的关键，此外还有助于提高生产力，提高土地和水的利用效率。这些措施还额外收集了50-150毫米的地表径流，并促进了550-800毫米降雨区的地下水补给。个别地块水平的干预措施也提高了作物产量显着超过对照地块。然而，由于水分供应有限，没有实现作物强化。基于景观的干预措施使作物产量每年提高100%-300%，增加收入（>100%），并提高了水的生产率。景观为基础的干预措施也被认为是有益的，减少土壤流失的75%-90%，并提高基流可用性另外20-75天，在一年中相比，未经处理的流域。随着水分供应的增加，各流域的休耕地被用于耕作，从而提高了作物集约化程度。该研究的结果为设计适合扩大项目规模的方法提供了重要见解，以便产生影响并针对联合国可持续发展目标。
Crop intensification is required to meet the food demands of an increasing population. This paper presents data from three paired scaling-up initiatives to compare the benefits of landscape-based interventions over individual plot-level interventions using evidence generated in the Indian semi-arid tropics. A range of soil and water conservation interventions were implemented in a decentralized manner following the landscape-based approach. The plot-level approach focused only on balanced fertilizer application and improved crop cultivars while the landscape-based interventions primarily addressed moisture availability, which was the key to reducing risks of crop failure besides aiding productivity gain and enhanced land and water-use efficiency. These interventions have additionally harvested 50-150 mm of surface runoff and facilitated groundwater recharge in 550-800 mm rainfall zones. Individual plot-level interventions also improved the crop yield significantly over the control plots. However, crop intensification was not achieved due to limited moisture availability. Landscape-based interventions produced 100%-300% higher crop production per year, greater income generation (>100%), and improved water productivity. Landscape-based interventions were also found to be beneficial in terms of reducing soil loss by 75%-90% and improving base flow availability additionally by 20-75 d in a year compared to untreated watersheds. With increased moisture availability, fallow lands in respective watersheds have been utilized for cultivation, thereby enhancing crop intensification. The findings of the study provide critical insights into the design of approaches suitable for scaling-up projects in order to both create impact and target the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.